By: H.P.D.U.

Iroshani
University of Moratuwa
Stress – strain Behavior
 The degree to which a structure deforms or strains
depends on the magnitude of an imposed stress.
 Stress and strain are proportional to each other through
the relationship;

σ = ᴇϵ
This is known as Hook’s law.
Where; E – modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus (Gpa)6
σ – Stress
ϵ - Strain

Elastic Deformation
 Deformation in which stress and strain are proportional is
called elastic deformation.
 Elastic deformation is non-permanent, which means that when
the applied load is released, the piece returns to original shape.

Plastic Deformation
 As the material is deformed beyond the yield point, the stress is
no longer proportional to strain.
 This is permanent and non-recoverable. It is called as plastic
deformation.
 Plastic deformation corresponds to the breaking of bonds with
original atom neighbors and then reforming bonds with new
neighbors atoms or molecules
 Edge and screw are the two fundamental dislocation
types.
 Plastic deformation corresponds to the motion of large
number of dislocations.
 The process by which plastic deformation is produced by
dislocation motion is termed slip.
 All metals and alloys contain some dislocations that were
introduced during;
 Solidification
 During plastic deformation
 As a consequence of thermal stresses that result from
rapid cooling
 The number of dislocations, or dislocation density in a
material, is expressed as the total dislocation length per
unit volume.
Unit = millimeters of dislocation / cubic millimeter (mm / mm3)
= mm-2
Ex : Ceramic materials is between 102 – 104 mm-2
Slip Systems
 Dislocations do not move with the same degree of ease on
all crystallographic planes of atoms and in all
crystallographic directions.
 There is a preferred plane. This plane is called as “slip
plane”.
 The direction of movement is happen is called the “slip
direction”.
 This combination of the slip plane and the slip direction is
termed the “slip system”.
 Slip plane is the plane that has the most dense atomic
packing (has the greatest planar density)
 Slip direction has the highest linear density.
 In polycrystalline materials, a certain number of slip systems
must be available for the material to be capable of plastic
deformation.
the greater the number of slip systems, the greater the
capacity for deformation.