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Air Stripping
(Section 9 – 1)
Volatility
• Tendency to move from solution to gas
phase
• Function of:
– Vapor pressure (VP)
– Molecular weight (MW)
– Henry’s constant (H)
– Solubility (S)
– etc.
Henry’s Law Constant (H)
PG CG VP
H
CL CL S
B A
A B
H e T
or e T
H
log H J
RC T
H
H
'
RC T
AWWA Equation Factors
-3
Compound H x 10 J
Oxygen 1.45 7.11
Methane 1.54 7.22
Hydrogen sulfide 1.85 5.88
Carbon dioxide 2.07 6.73
Carbon tetrachloride 4.05 10.06
Trichloroethylene 3.41 8.59
Bezene 3.68 8.68
Chloroform 4.00 9.10
Henry’s Law Constants
Equipment
• Spray systems
• Aeration in contact tanks
• Tray towers
• Packed towers
Aeration in Tanks
Tray Towers
Packed Towers
Liquid Distribution Systems
Design of Air Stripping Column
Parameters
– Chemical properties
– Range of influent flow rates, temperatures,
and concentrations
– Range of air flow rates and temperatures
– Operation as continuous or batch
– Packing material
Packing
Fouling
Cleaning Packing
Comparison: Equipment
Design, in General
0.5
4Q
D
L
Depth of Packing Design Equations
Assumptions:
– Plug flow
– Henry’s Law applies
– Influent air contaminant
free
– Liquid and air volumes
constant
Depth of Packing
Cin
R 1 1
L R Cout
Z ln ( HTU )( NTU )
K L a R 1 R
– Z = 12.2 m
– QW = 0.28 m3/s
– H’ = 0.2315
– QA = 5.66 m3/s
– KLa = 0.0125 s-1
– D = 4.3 m
Activity – Team
Ethylbenzene needs to be removed from a
wastewater. The maximum level in the
wastewater is 1 mg/L. The effluent limit is 35
g/L. Determine the height of an air stripping
column. The following data is available:
CL
CI
PI
PG
• KLa (s-1)
– KL = liquid mass transfer coefficient (m/s)
– a = area-to-volume ratio of the packing (m2/m3)
• Determination:
– experimentally
– Sherwood-Holloway equation
– Onda correlations
KLa: Column Test
• System
– Small diameter column
– Packing material
– Blower
– Pump
– Contaminated water
• Test
– Range of liquid loading rates
– Range of air-to-water ratios
Column Test Continued
• Determining KLa
– Plot sample (packing) depth vs. NTU (which
varies based on Ce/Ci)
– Slope = 1/HTU
– KLa = L/HTU
Example: Column Test
Sampling Port Depth (m) TCE (µg/L)
0 230
2 143
4 82
6 48
8 28
Example continued
2.5
1.5
NTU
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Z (m)
Sherwood-Holloway Equation
1 n 0.5
L
K L a DL 0.305
DL
– L = liquid mass loading rate (kg/m2/s)
– = liquid viscosity (1.002 x 10-3 Pa-s at 20 oC
– = water density (998.2 kg/m3 at 20 oC)
– , n = constants (next slide)
– DL = liquid diffusion coefficient (m2/s)
• Wilke-Chang method
• B T/
Sherwood-Holloway Constants
Packing Size (mm) n
Raschig rings 12 920 0.35
25 330 0.22
38 295 0.22
50 260 0.22
Berl saddles 12 490 0.28
25 560 0.28
38 525 0.28
Tile 75 360 0.28
DL: Wilke-Change Method
7
5.06 x10 T
DL
V 0.6
Steam Stripping
(Section 9 – 3)
Steam Stripping
Steam Stripping Design
• Strippability of organics
• Separation of organic phase from steam in
decanter
• Fouling
Rules of Thumb
• Strippability
– Any priority pollutant analyzed by direct
injection on a gas chromatograph
– Any compound with boiling point < 150 oC
and H > 0.0001 atm-m3/mol
• Separate phase formation
– At least one compound with low solubility
• Operating parameters
– SS < 2%
– Operating pressures as low as possible
Example – Feasibility Analysis
Mixture A Mixture B