Presentend by:

GROUP A-11
GROUP MEMBERS:
Saba sohail
Amber fatima
Maria khan
Awais kazmi
 Definition.
 Principle.
 Objective.
 Explanation.
 Factors affecting on crystallization.
 Pharmaceutical Applications.
 Definition:
The removal of solid from
solution by increasing it’s concentration
above the saturation point in such a way that
excess solid separates out in the form of
crystals is called crystallization.
 The solute should be soluble in a suitable solvent
at high temperature and maximum solute should be
obtained in the form of crystals on cooling.
 When a chemical compound is formed it is a crude
product, so it needs purification by the suitable
solvent.
 As for this process the substance which
play’s an important role are the solvents so
some of the commonly used solvents are:
 water.
 rectified spirit.
 acetone.
 acetic acids.
 The process of crystallization consists of two major
events:
 Nucleation.
 Crystal growth.
 It is the first step in which solute molecules
dispersed in solvent forming the stable
clusters.

 These stable clusters contains nuclei.

 But there are also some other clusters

which are unstable.
 It is the second but important step because
supersaturation exists in this.

 The nucleation and crystal growth occurs

simultaneously during the process of
crystallization.

 Supersaturation as a driving force.

 Filtration.

 Cooling.

 Collecting and washing of crystals.

 Drying of crystals.

 Decolourization.
 Supersaturation.
 Temperature.
 Filtration.
 Concentration.
 Drying of crystals.
 70% of products going through a crystallization step
at some point in their manufacture.
 Purification.
 Synthesis of pure active pharmaceutical
ingredients.
 Seperation of chiral isomers.
 plays an important role in defining the stability and
drug release properties of the final dosage forms.