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Boles Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
An Engineering
Approach
Third Edition
Yunus A. Çengel
Michael A. Boles
Third Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill
WCB/McGraw-Hill ©
© The
The McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill Companies,
Companies, Inc.,1998
Inc.,1998
Çengel
Boles
CHAPTER
1
Thermodynamics
Basic
Concepts of
Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics
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(Fig. 1-13)
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(Fig. 1-19)
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(Fig. 1-30)
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(Fig. 1-31)
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(Fig. 1-36)
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(Fig. 1-48)
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(Fig. 1-52)
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(Fig. 1-53)
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Thermodynamics
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• A system of fixed mass is called a closed
Thermodynamics
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Boles • The mass-dependent properties of a system
Thermodynamics
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• The sum of all forms of energy of a system is
Boles called total energy, which is considered to
Thermodynamics
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• A system is said to be in thermodynamic
Thermodynamics
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Boles • Any change from one state to another is called
Thermodynamics
a process.
• A process with identical end states is called a
cycle.
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• During a quasi-static or quasi-equilibrium
Thermodynamics
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• The state of a simple, compressible system is
Thermodynamics
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pressure difference of
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• The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that
Thermodynamics
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• The temperature scales used in the SI and the
Thermodynamics
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Boles • The absolute temperature scale in the SI is the
Thermodynamics
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and
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• An important application area of
Boles thermodynamics is the biological system.
Thermodynamics
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