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Social Institutions

Nature
Characteristics
Functions
Classification
What is a Social Institution?
Social institution is a group of social
positions, connected by social relations,
performing a social role.
 Any institution in a society that works to
socialize the groups of people in it.
Ex. universities, governments, families,
 It is a major sphere of social life organized
to meet some human need.
Characteristics of a Social Institution
Palispis (1996) pointed out the following characteristics
and functions.
Institutions are purposive. Each of them has the
satisfaction of social needs as its own goal or
objective.
Relatively permanent in their content. The pattern
roles and relations that people enact in a particular
culture become traditional enduring. Although
institutions are subject to change, the change is
relatively slow.
Institutions are a unified structure. They
function as a unit.
Institutions are necessarily value-laden. Their
repeated uniformities, patterns and trends
become codes of conduct. Most of these codes
subconsciously exert social pressures. However,
others are in form of rules and laws.
Functions of Social Institutions
Institutions simplify social behavior for the
individual person. The social institutions provide
every child with all the needed social and cultural
mechanisms through which he can grow socially.
Institutions provide ready-made forms of social
relations and social roles for the individual. The
principal roles are not invented by the individuals,
they are provided by the institutions.
Institutions also act as agencies of coordination
and stability for total culture. The ways of
thinking and behaving that are institutionalized
“make sense” to people.
Institutions tend to control behavior. They
contain the systematic expectations of the
society.
Classification of Social Institutions
Family
Education
Religion
Political Institutions
Economic Institutions
Family
The smallest social institution with
the unique function.
 It is the basic unit of Philippine
society and the educational system
where the child begins to learn his
ABC.
 The basic agent of socialization
because it is here where the
individual develops values,
behaviors, and ways of life through
interaction with members of the
family.
Types of Families according to structure
A Nuclear or conjugal family may be one of
the following types:
 a married couple without children,
a married couple with one or more unmarried
children,
a father with one or more unmarried children or
a mother with one or more unmarried children.
Consanguine or extended family. It consists
of married couple, their parents, siblings,
grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins.
Types of families according to term of Marriage
Polyandry -one woman is married to two or
more men at the same time.
Polygamy -one man is married to two or more
women at the same time.
Types of Families according to Authority
Partriarchal - when the father is considered the
head and plays a dominant role.
Matriarchal - when the mother or female is the
head and makes the major decisions
Equalitarian - when
both father and
mother share in
making decisions
and are equal in
authority.
Characteristics of the Filipino Family
The family is closely knit and has strong
family ties.
The Filipino family is usually extended one
and therefore, big.
In the Filipino family, kinship ties are
extended to include the “compadre” or
sponsors
Functions of a Family
Reproduction of the race and rearing of the young.
Cultural transmission or enculturation.
Socialization of the child.
Providing affection and a sense of security.
Providing the environment for personality
development and the growth of self-concept in
relation to others.
Providing social status.
Education
Is defined as a preparation for effective
participation in social relations and a
major factor in economic growth.
Development of Philippine
Education
Education During the Pre-Spanish
Period
Pre-Hispanic education in the Philippines was
not formal
Education was oral, practical, and hands-on
 The objective was basically to promote reverence for,
and adoration of Bathala, respect for laws, customs,
and authorities represented by parents and elders
When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines they
encountered islanders who knew how to read and
write.
Education During the Spanish Era
EDUCATIONAL AIM
 The Royal decree of 1555
mandated these goals of
Spanish education in the
country:
Indoctrination of Christianity
Promotion of the Spanish
language
Imposition of Spanish Culture
TEACHING
METHODS
Dictation
Memorization
Other techniques
such as moro-
moro, cenaculo
and other
theatrical
performances
TYPE OF EDUCATION
Authoritarianism
 Teacher-dominated
Subject centered
Imposition of
severe discipline
AGENCIES/CONTENT STUDIED:
 The education of the Filipino was focused mainly on the learning
of the Christian doctrine.
It took three and half centuries before the Spanish gov’t. set up
a school system.
 The Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits
introduced the parochial school concept practiced in Europe
during the Dark Ages.
Subjects other than Doctrina were arithmetic, music & various arts
and trades
 Training was done formally through the visitas w/c served as the
first schools.
Secondary schools established such as colegios for boys &
beaterios for girls.
Institutions established for higher learning to provide the church
with centers and thestate w/ much needed judges and lawyers.
OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS:
Upliftment of the Philippine Education. The first educational
system for students in thecountry was established by the virtue
of the Educational Decree of 1863 w/c required thegovernment
to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town.
First attempt of the Spaniards to establish an overall public
school system.
Provision for training of teachers through a normal school
attached to Escuela Pia, now Ateneo de Manila University.
Complete system of education
Free system of education
Reorganization of the school curriculum
Government supervision and control of school
thus breaking 3 century church domination in
education.
Produced the first grammar and dictionaries
that led to the development of Filipino
languages
Colegio de San Ignacio by the Jesuits in 1589
in Manila was the first colegio.
The Dominicans
put up the
Colegio de Santo
Rosario w/c later
became Colegio
de Santo Tomas
now the Pontifical
University of
Santo Tomas.
The Beaterio de Santa Isabel was founded in
1632 and became the oldest existing school for
girls.
EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN
PERIOD
EDUCATIONAL AIM
 To promote democratic ideals and way of life
AGENCIES/ CONTENT STUDIED
 The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way
for Aguinaldo’s Republic under a Revolutionary
Government.
 The schools maintained by Spain for more than three
centuries were closed for the time being but were
reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary
of Interior.
 The Burgos Institute of Malolos, the Military Academy of
Malolos and the Literary University of the Philippines
were established.
A system of free and compulsory elementary education
was established by the Malolos Constitution
Training was done through the schools both public and
secular manned by Chaplains and military officers of the US
army and the Thomasites brought here by the vessel
Thomas.
 The University of the Philippines was founded in 1908.
Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, good manners and right
conduct (GMRC), civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening,
domestic science, American history, and Philippine history
were the subjects for study.
Philippine education during this period was highly influenced
by the Philosophy of John Dewey
OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS
Religious freedom was enforced
Development of the intelligence, right attitudes
and habits of children who were to become
citizens of the future were emphasized.
Democratic ideal as a philosophy was
emphasized
 -In 1927, there is the provision of English as a
common language, by the American Director
of the Bureau of Education
Executive Order No.134 in 1936 of President
Quezon designated Tagalog as the basis of a
national language
Reduction of the 7-year elementary course to 6
years
Fixing the school entrance at 7 years
National support for elementary education
Compulsory attendance of primary children
enrolled in grade 1
Education during the Japanese
Occupation
Education aimed at:- Making the people understand
the position of the Philippines as a member of
the East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
Eradication of the old idea of reliance upon western
states particularly the US and Great Britain.
Fostering a new Filipino culture based on the
consciousness of the people as Orientals.
Elevating the morals of the people giving up
over-emphasis on materialism.
Diffusion of elementary education and promotion
of vocational education.
Striving for the diffusion of the Japanese
language in the Philippines and the termination
of the use of the English language in schools, and
Inspiring the people with the spirit to love labor
AGENCIES/CONTENT STUDIED:
 Training was done formally through the schools,
which gave more emphasis on: vocational, technical
and agriculture.
Opening of vocational schools
Establishment of agricultural schools and colleges
Curricular content was centered on values rooted on
love for labor; emphasizing vocational education;
spread the use of Nippongo, and teaching physical
education and singing Japanese songs.
Education during the Republic
(1945 – 1972)
All educational institutions are under the State
State shall provide complete and adequate system
of public education
All schools shall aim to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational
efficiency.
Optional religious instruction
State universities shall enjoy academic freedom
State shall create scholarships
Education during the New Society (1972 –
1986)
In 1972, the Department of Education became
the “Department of Education and Culture” by
Proclamation 1081
 The fundamental aims of education in the 1973
Constitution are
 To foster love of country;
 Teach the duties of citizenship, and
Develop moral character, self discipline, and
scientific, technological and vocational efficiency
Education during the Present Period (1986
– Present)
Aquino’s 10-point basic education agenda
 12-year Basic Education Cycle
Universal pre-schooling for all.
Technical vocational education as an alternative stream in high
school
“Every child a reader” by grade 1
Science and Math proficiency
Assistance to private schools as essential partners in
basic education
Medium of instruction rationalized
Quality textbooks
Covenant with the local governments to build more schools.

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