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R.C. Maher
T T
1 2 n jkT
f (kT )
2 T n
F
j
e d
T
T
1
2 n
DTFT F j
1
T n T
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 3
Sampling Effects: Frequency Domain
Xc(j)
Fourier Transform of
continuous function
-N N
Fourier Transform of
S > 2 N XS(j) sampled function
x[n-1]
Z-1 h1
x[n-2]
Z-1 h2
x[n-3]
h3
3
H ( z ) hn z n
n 0
Base Address + N -1
N memory Modulo N
locations Buffer
Memory
Base Address
1
Amplitude (linear scale)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Frequency (fraction of fs)
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Sample Index
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 17
FIR Design Concept
• Window function to limit response length
1.2
0.8 Hamming
Amplitude
window
0.6
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Sample Index
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 18
FIR Design Concept (cont.)
• Windowed and shifted (causal) result
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
Amplitude
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Sample Index
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 19
FIR Design Concept
• Resulting frequency response of filter
10
0
Magnitude (dB)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Frequency (fraction of fs)
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 20
Lab Assignment #2
• Due at START of class in two weeks
• Topics:
– Sampling and reconstruction (MATLAB)
– Program #1: Cycle counting
– Program #2: Simple delay line
– Program #3: File I/O via Debugger
– Program #4: FIR filter, non-real time
– Program #5: FIR filter, real time
ECEN4002 Spring 2003 Delay Lines and Simple Filters R. C. Maher 21