ART

ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS

ART

 Defined as the manifestation or use of the various creative disciplines

produced by human creativity and skills to express oneself .

 The tangible output of creative expression and represented through

different forms and disciplines .

 Perhaps the one of the earliest and most basic form and tool for
communication.
Visual Arts

 A term used to describe a wide array of artistic disciplines that are appreciated
primarily through sight .

 It includes different art forms and disciplines such as :

Fine arts , Decorative arts, and Contemporary arts
Fine Arts
 Are the artworks we readily associate with art.

 The term was first used to describe the art form created primarily for
its appearance rather than its practical use.

 As time passed, this term was used to include artworks that came
about from emerging technology and artistic innovations.
Most common examples of fine arts

 Drawing
 Painting
 Sculpture
 Print
 Graphic Art
 Calligraphy
 Architecture
Decorative art
 Also known as decorative craft, are artworks that are both
aesthetically pleasing and functional.

 While fine arts are primarily concerned with beauty and aesthetics,
the decorative arts were not only beautiful but are useful as well
Most common examples of
decorative arts
 Textile art
 Glassware
 Jewelry
 Furniture
 Earthenware
 Metal Craft
 Interior Design
Contemporary Art Forms

 There are new and unusual art forms that could not be easily categorized
between the fine arts and the decorative arts

 These belong to the branch of visual art contemporary art form

 It includes recently conceived art styles and techniques that are not easily
categorized with the previously mentioned forms
These partially includes :

 Assemblage
 Collage
 Installation
 Performance art
 Digital art
 Land art
 Conceptual art
 It should be emphasized that there is a difference
between contemporary art forms and
contemporary art.

 Contemporary art is defined as all art work that

produced in our present lifetime.
Performing arts

 When artist use their voices and/or their body movements to communicate
artistic expression this an example of performing arts.

 it comes in many kind but all are meant to be enacted in front of a live
audience .

 Performing arts are often categorized into three types:

MUSIC, DANCE , THEATER

Music
 A universal form art defined as the manipulation of sound and silence .

 It blends the different elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timbre,

and texture to create sound.

 It is performed by utilizing different instruments, vocal techniques, and styles

and can be performed live or recorded and can be prepared in improvised.
Most common music genres:
 Art music – the umbrella term used to refer to music that stems
from Western Classical Music . It usually presented and preserved through
written musical notations that were developed in Europe.

 Popular music – refers to music that is accessible and

commercially available to the public. It is played or disseminated through
different mass media outlets such as radio, television, and the Internet.

 Traditional music – musical forms that are community and

cultural based. It is diverse with one community or group often having a
different form from another. It is learn and preserved by passing it to one
generation to another through oral communication and actual performance.
Dance

 Defined as regulated and deliberated order of body

movements.
 These movements have aesthetic value and are often
performed accompanied with music.
 It comes with many forms and styles.
Examples:
 Ballet
 Belly dance
 Break dance
 Improvisational dance
 Hip-hop
 Modern dance
 Contemporary dance
 Traditional dance
Theater

 A branch of performing arts that often involves the integration and

combination of the visual arts and performing arts.

 It is defined as fine art where actors or actresses perform experience,

whether real or imaginary, in front of a live audience.

 The performers make use of their gestures, music, song dance, and visual arts
to help communicate the story in front of an audience.
Common Theater Examples:

 Mime
 Puppetry
 Tragedy
 Opera
 Musical theater
 Traditional theater
Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain 1917
Why do artist create art?

 Recognition
 Worship
 Impulse
 Self- expression
Why study art?

 To create art that can help you express yourself.

 Enabling you to share ideas and emotions with others.
 Studying art teaches you to distinguish and understand
the individual difference enabling us to be more sensitive
to others.
 It helps us develop our decision and problem solving skills.
 It nurtures imagination and in turn, promotes originality
and innovative ness which are skills valued in almost al
businesses today.
Filipino Art Tendencies
 Broadest Aspect Technique – Filipino artworks often try to show the
many sides of an object, depicting how Filipinos think it looks like rather than
how it is actually seen .
Multiple Focal Points- many artist uses multiple focal points in composition in
efforts to try to represent the sentiments of the different members of the society
Highly Expressive-being born in a very social environment, Filipinos are
more emphatic spontaneous, and emotional. It holds true for the performing
arts, where Filipinos excel.
Polychromatic- Filipinos Love color, decorative arts and craft. This why
costumes and festivals are bathe in rich, vibrant spectrum of color.
 Maximalism – Filipino art has an inclination to fill up space with forms and
ornamentation. This is said to be rooted in the expressiveness of the Filipinos
.
Multifunctional- Creating works that has various uses strengthen the sense of
community with people of different fascination and requirements . This is one of the
given reasons as to the popularity of mixed media and installation art with many
contemporary Filipino artist.
 Rhythmic pattern- one of the recognizable tendencies in Filipino artist
the stylized and measured organization of patterns and forms.it almost like
the physical manifestation of the Filipino artist’ psyche, individual present
and different but in harmonious movement with the rest of the forms
CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ART
FINE ARTS
1.Painting and Illustrations -
 Majority of the contemporary art produced in the Philippines are paintings
sculpture and drawings .

 It may be defined as two dimensional form of art that showcases artistic

expression created on a flat surface .

 Images made by applying pigment on a prepared surface using different

tools: brush, pallete knife, spray, fingers etc.

 Painting mediums: oil, acrylic, watercolor, poster color, pastel, ink, etc. and
often applied in canvas, paper, wood, cardboard, etc.
Painting Themes -
 Religious Themes- the primary subject for the
artworks during Spanish colonials times. It
represents the religious aspect of the artist.
Historical themes- portrays historical depictions
seen through art.
Portraiture paintings- used to commemorate personalities
and are seen in many formal institution
Still life- a work of art that portrays inanimate
objects.
Landscape- depicts the beauty of the outdoors.it can be
that of the natural environment.
Nude- as a subject of painting in the Philippines, it was rare
in 20th century but has since been accepted and popular
subject in Philippine Contemporary visual arts.
Genres- are paintings whose themes showcase people
doing everyday activities and chores.
2. Sculptures –

 Artworks that are three dimensional

 Its classification is traditionally divided into two :

1. Free standing
- also known as in the round, are sculptures that are raised
independently in its given space. It can be often observed from
all points of view
2. Reliefs-

-are sculpture that are raised from a background. Depending on the

figure’s distance from the background, it can be also be classified into :

- Bas relief/low reliefs –slightly protruding to the background

- High reliefs –prominently raised against their background , giving the
sculpture more dimensionality.
 Sculptures are made by either adding or subtracting materials:
Adding- Molding, Casting, And Welding
Subtracting -Carving
Decorative arts and craft

 It stems from the traditional indigenous crafts found throughout the

country .

 It has become a part of our artistic history and traditions.

 These are important source of inspiration to the preset and future

Filipino artist.
Some examples of contemporary
decorative art in the country
 Pottery-
- the art and craft of making pots and other wares using clay or mud
Carving–
- the art of manipulating and creating objects by subtracting and shaping
solid material such as wood and stone.
Weaving-
- the art of interlacing threads or fibers to create textile, fabric, or other
similar product.
Metalwork
-the art of creating and manipulating metal to create various items such as
jewelry, weapons etc.
CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
 Collage-
-the method of combining printed images with other flat media and pasted on
a canvas or board
- it first came about in the early 1900s as part of the experimentation of the
cubist Picasso and Braque.
Assemblage-
-a term used by French artist Jean Dubuffet in 1952 to describe a series of artworks
made from paper collages wood scraps, and other objects.
Mobile-
-a sculptural work that is suspended from the ceiling or a protruding base.
- it is typically made with a number of balancing rods dangling in different lengths
carrying one or more elements.
-pioneered by American artist Alexander Calder.
 Performance Art-
- a mix of visual arts and performing arts.
- its early incarnations were the Happenings of the Dada movement in the
1916.
-medium used in performance art is the artist himself, and the artwork is
acting and the movement of the artist.
 Installation Art –
-is a form of contemporary art that involves the arrangement of object in a
given space.
-it is associated with the conceptual art and dada movement
-it is intentionally designed to be experienced as a temporary work of art
-it incorporates different materials that may include traditional sculptural
materials such as wood , metal and different objects as well as technology
based.
-it can be designed to be very simple to very complex.
 Contemporary
Performing Arts
 Music-
- Kundiman
- is a musical form that is a product of Spanish colonization.
-it is an art song that signifies love and affection for someone.
- Harana
-is a traditional courtship ritual in the Philippines wherein a suitor
serenades his object of affection.

The Kundiman is often mistaken for the Harana.

The Harana is performed by a man while the Kundiman can be preformed by
both genders.
Ballad

- is traditionally a song that narrates an event in a community.

- There are many examples of traditional ballads throughout the
Philippines
- The styles varies from region to region and from one ethnic tribe to
another.
- In modern times, the term ballad has been applied to describe love
songs, and a balladeer is an artist whose set of songs are primarily
romantic songs.
Chamber music
-is a form of instrumental music composed by a small ensemble wherein each part is
played by one player, as opposed to an orchestra where a part is performed by a group of
three to eight musicians.
Choral music
- is a musical composition intended to be performed by a group of singers
called a choir.
- a choir is arranged according to voices such as, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.
Liturgical Music
- are songs intended for Christian church services.
- its early form was inspired by Jewish chants during their religious rituals.
Opera
- a combination of both music and theater
- it is a sung drama that entails collaborative efforts of singers, dancers, composers,
choreographers, etc.
One type of song found in an opera is the “ARIA” which is a song sung in solo that portrays
the character’s emotional state.
Pop Music
-is used to describe music that is readily available to broad populace.
-it s an umbrella term that encompasses a multitude of different genres of
music : RnB, Rap, Rock, Hip-hop, Dance etc.
-Pinoy pop/ Filipino pop music came played in the Phil. are western imports
that became strong influence to many contemporary singers and artist .
-Pinoy folk music is a genre of Pinoy pop that is heavily influenced by the
musical styles of western folk singers.
-Rap is a music genre that became popular in the late 1980’s in the Philippines
Protest Songs
- are songs that bring to light injustices and inequality in society.
-These to inspire nationalism and heroism from their listeners.
-These can come in many musical forms and genre such as kundiman …
- it also tackles environmental issue.
 Dance
-the types and forms of dances expressed in the Philippines is quite diverse.
-this is true for the indigenous dances in the Philippines
-indigenous dances in the Philippines is influence and molded by various
factors, such as experience and events in community.
-most indigenous dance were performed as ritualistic dances to ask for good
fortune and abundance.
-some are performed as narratives of the community’s daily lives as evident
of the different mimetic dances.
Contemporary dance forms found in the
Philippines:
 Aerobic dance – dance routine made into exercise program
 Ballet- is a style of and dance technique that follows strict set of moves and
performances.
 Folk dance- different dances performed by various cultural groups throughout
the country.
 Street Dance- is a dance form that began in urban open spaces, such as parks,
streets, yard sand night clubs rather than in formal dance studios
 Theater
- Many say that theater is the ultimate art since it is a collaborative art form
that combines the various disciplines of art such as literature, visual arts, music
and dance.
- This art form is a part of our cultural heritage from the precolonial time up
to the present.
- The development of contemporary theater arts in the country parallels that
of the other performing arts.
- Indigenous theater came in the form of rituals and was often combined and
accompanied with music and dance.
-Theater as we know today came during the Spanish colonization tandem
with the spread of Christianity.
- Eventually the Filipinos became comfortable and confident in theater; artist
began experimenting and exploring the possibilities of more relatable and
“Filipinized” theater form.
Different contemporary theater forms in
the country:

 Absurd-
- a genre of modern play that deliberately exaggerated
the events and situations to emphasize a point
-the characters are often made stereotypes and this form
originated form the West.
 Stage show
-the stage show or “Bodabil” is a theatrical presentation of various arts or
performance.
-these performances maybe production of acts and performances of the
following:
-comedy skits
-circus acts
-musical and dance numbers
-acrobatics
-magic shows and a like
-Contemporary forms of the stage shows can be seen during fiestas and in
television variety shows.
 Brechtian Theater

- is an example of a modern theatrical show also referred to as epic

theater.
- it is based on Bertoit Brecht’s (1898-1956) proposition that the
audience should not emotionally identify with the characters or action on
stage but instead stimulate self-reflection and critical analysis of event
unfolding in the play.
- it is hoped after watching the play audience would recognized the
injustice presented and awaken change in the society.
 Children’s theater

- are plays that are either performed by children or by adults for

children.
- in both cases the primary audience are children
- this type of theater production is intended to educate, inspire and
encourage creativity, and value formation
- plays from this theater form often use materials that are based on
folktales and legends.
 Melodrama-

-is a nonmusical play that is intended to elicit tears and emotional

attachment to the characters
-the main characters of these melodramas are often victims of
tragedies and suffer cruelty from the people around them but in the end
will rise triumphantly.
-Commonly seen on television.
 Dramatic monologue

- is a type of play wherein an individual actor speaks and acts out the
character’s thoughts and emotions.
- this one-person performance is often used for the audience to better
understand a main character.
-some plays utilize a dramatic monologue for the entire play
 Tula-Dula

- or play poem was developed by the University of the Phil. In the 1970’s
- it is minimalist in attack wherein a poem is dramatized by a narrator who
recites the piece and two or three actors provide the movements and the sound
effects.
- many theater companies produce this type of play since it requires very
little in terms of staging and costs.
 Political theater

- is a form of theater whose intention is to transform or improve the

current system of the government.
- some political drama are direct to the point, while others use
symbolisms and allegory to air their political views.
Types of Political theater:

 Seditious play
- sometime called symbolic drama, presents a rebellious attitude towards the
people in power or government.
- its content and message are sensitive and seditious symbolisms are often
used to mask its rebellious tendencies
-they are risky since theater where these plays were staged were closed, and
performers and the production members can be arrested and charged with
treason
 Street theater
-is another form of political theater, its earliest forms were the ethnic
cultural rituals that were acted on the streets.
-the more contemporary versions are the protest plays staged in the streets
by activist during rallies, strikes, marches and the like.
-these plays may include performances of protest songs, skits and
dramatizations.
 Musical Theater

-are
plays wherein music is an essential part of the
production.
- this includes traditional Filipino theater such as
sarswela and ritualistic dramas.
-with the love of Filipino for music, it is not surprising
that it is one of the most popular forms of theater.
 Realism
- is a type of drama that provides accurate depiction of real-life situations.
- this is achieved through well-developed and authentic portrayal of
characters as well as realistic plots, dialogue, and staging.
- this type of modern theater first came to the Philippines after World War II

Two type of realism theater:

Psychological realism- pertains to plays that focus on the individual
character’s problem and situations.
Social realism- are plays that set the individual dilemmas with a large scheme
of society.