• Aim

• What is Optimization?
• What is Production Optimization?
• Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis
• Improved Nodal Analysis for Horizontal Well
• Factors Affects Pressure Losses in Horizontal Section
• Factors Affects Pressure Losses in Inclination Section
• What is PROSPER?
• Applications of PROSPER
• Results
• Unimaginable Point!
• Conclusion
2
• References
The aim of this project is to optimize the production in horizontal
wells, there are several methods to optimize production in
horizontal wells. One of the most effective way to achieve the
gaol is increasing horizontal well section.

3
Optimization is an act, process,
or methodology of making as
fully perfect, functional, or
effective as possible, specifically
the mathematical procedures
involved in this.

4
• The term ‘‘production optimization’’
has been used to describe different
processes in the oil and gas industry.
• Production Optimization means
Balance between Production rate /
Deliverability and demand.
• Production Optimization includes a
good understanding about Production
Systems and Reservoir Fluid.
5
• Well deliverability is determined by
the combination of well inflow
performance and wellbore flow
performance.
• This work focuses on prediction of
achievable fluid production rates
from reservoirs with specified
production string characteristics.
• The technique of analysis is called
“Nodal Analysis” Gilbert (1956) (10)
6
production optimization using Nodal Analysis (2) 7
After improve nodal
analysis for horizontal
well, two important
section will be increased
that are following:

• Horizontal Section
• Inclination Section

8
1. The characteristics and physical
properties of the fluid.
2. Friction in pipes.
3. Energy losses in fitting.
4. Pressure drop through equipment.
5. The distance or length the fluid must
travel.
6. Diameter change of the pipe.

9
Factors affects pressure losses in horizontal
section same as bent section, only one factor
will be added which is Pressure Losses
whenever the flow direction changes.

The pressure loss in a bend can thus

be calculated as:

10
• PROSPER is a well performance, design and
optimization program.

• PROSPER is designed to allow the building of reliable

and consistent well models, with the ability to
address each aspect of well bore modelling PVT, VLP
correlations and IPR.

• PROSPER enables detailed surface pipeline

performance and design: Flow Regimes, pipeline
stability, Slug Size and Frequency.

11
• Design and optimize well completions including
multi-lateral, multilayer and horizontal wells.
• Design and optimize tubing and pipeline sizes.
• Design, diagnose and optimize Gas lifted, Hydraulic
pumps and ESP wells.
• Calculate pressure losses in wells, flow lines and
across chokes.
• Predict flowing temperatures in wells and pipelines.
• Calculate total skin and determine breakdown.
• Allocate production between wells.

12
Results: IPR curve
IPR plot Horizontal Well - No Flow Boundaries (HW 05/14/2016 - 11:58:15)

4000
Inflow Type Single Br anch
AOF : 82543.8 (STB/day) Completion Cased Hole
Formation PI : 41.07 (STB/day/psi) Sand Control None
Gas Coning No
SKIN : 5
Reservoir Model Hor izontal Well - No Flow Boundaries
M&G Skin M odel Enter Skin By Hand
Compaction Permeability Reduction Model No
3000 Relative Per meability No
Formation PI 41.07 (STB/day/psi)
Absolute Open Flow (AOF)82543.8 (STB/day)
Reservoir Pr essur e4000.00 (psig)
Reservoir Temperature 200.00 (deg F)
Water Cut 0 (percent)
Total GOR 400.00 (scf/STB)
Reservoir Permeability 150.00 (md)
Pressure (psig)

Reservoir Thickness 100.0 (feet)

Wellbore Radius 0.354 (feet)
2000 Reservoir Porosity (fraction)
Hor izontal Anisotropy 1 (fraction)
Vertical Anisotropy 0.1 (fraction)
Length Of Well 2000.0 (feet)
Reservoir Length 5000.0 (feet)
Reservoir Width 5000.0 (feet)
Distance From Length Edge To Centr e Of Well 2500.0 (feet)
Distance From Width Edge To Centre Of Well 2500.0 (feet)
Distance From Bottom To Centre Of Well 50.0 (feet)
Skin 5
1000

0
0 21000 42000 63000 84000

Rate (STB/day)
D:\Koya Uni\Pr od Eng II - 2015- 2016\project\H.W Opt\PROSPER Model\T04_HORIZONTALOILWELL.Out

13
Results: Well Capacity
Inflow (IPR) v Outflow (VLP) Plot (HW 05/15/2016 - 08:35:04)

E
6000 Solution Point
E
Liquid Rate 18453.6 (STB/day)
E Oil Rate 18453.6 (STB/day)
Water Rate 0 (STB/day)
Gas Rate 7.381 (MMscf/day)
Solution Node Pressure 3354.18 (psig )
dP Friction 823.12 (psi)
dP Gravity 2237.76 (psi)
4500 dP Total Skin 196.48 (psi)
dP Perforation 0 (psi)
dP Damage 0 (psi)
dP Completion 0 (psi)
Completion Skin 5.00
Total Skin 5.00
Wellhead Liquid Density 52.761 (lb/ft3)
Wellhead Gas Density 0.87847 (lb/ft3)
Pressure (psig)

Wellhead Liquid Viscosity 2.3440 (centipoise)

Wellhead Gas Viscosity0.012674 (centipoise)
3000 Wellhead Superficial Liq uid Velocity 14.432 (ft/sec)
Wellhead Superficial Gas Velocity 56.913 (ft/sec)
Wellhead Z Factor 0.96557
Wellhead Interfacial Tension 14.9531 (dyne/cm)
Wellhead Pressure 250.00 (psig )
Wellhead Temperature 172.16 (deg F)
First Node Liquid Density 52.761 (lb/ft3)
First Node Gas Density 0.87847 (lb/ft3)
First Node Liquid Viscosity 2.3440 (centipoise)
First Node Gas Viscosity0.012674 (centipoise)
1500 First Node Superficial Liquid Velocity 14.432 (ft/sec)
First Node Superficial Gas Velocity 56.913 (ft/sec)
First Node Z Factor 0.96557
First Node Interfacial Tension 14.9531 (dyne/cm)
First Node Pressure 250.00 (psig )
First Node Temperature 172.16 (deg F)

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Liquid Rate (STB/day)

PVT Method Black Oil

Fluid Oil
Top Node Pressure 250.00 (psig )
Water Cut 0 (percent)
Inflow Type Single Branch 14
Completion Cased Hole
Flow Type Tubing Bottom Measured Depth 8050.0 (feet)
Sand Control None
Results: Well Length Optimization Reuslts
Inflow (IPR) v Outflow (VLP) Plot (HW 05/14/2016 - 12:04:10)

E
6000 Variables
1
2
3
4
5
E 1:Well Length (feet)
0 1 2 3
E 0=500.0
1=1000.0
2=1500.0
3=2000.0
4=2500.0
5=3000.0
4500
Pressure (psig)

5
3000 4
3

1
1500

0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Liquid Rate (STB/day)

PVT Method Black Oil Top Node Pressure 250.00 (psig)

15
Inflow Type Single Branch
Fluid Oil Water Cut 0 (percent)
Completion Cased Hole
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Results

16
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Results
4000

3500

3000

2500
Pwf

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Well Length

17
Results: Well Length Sensitivity Data Results

Well length in Pressure in Production rate

ft psi STB/day

500 2706.98 11689.5

1000 3036.53 15233.2

1500 3226.67 17152.5

2000 3354.18 18453.6

2500 3448.84 19379.3

3000 3522.08 20062.4

18
• With increasing length, pressure
drop must be increased.

• Also with increasing length, Pwf &

Flowrate will be increased.

19
well length Pwf dp friction dp gravity
500 2706.98 388.5 2045.59
1000 3036.53 600.26 2153.6
1500 3226.67 728.4 2207.15
2000 3354.18 823.1 2237.77
2500 3448.84 892.15 2259.63
3000 3522.08 944.54 2275.82

20
21
• Horizontal wells are better than vertical.
• To optimize production in horizontal wells, many factors can
be considered.
• The production can be optimized by increasing of length of
horizontal section.
• The PROSPER can be helpful to achieve the results, it may be
used to choose the best result.

22
1. Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach by
Boyun Guo, PH.D. , William C. Lyons, PH.D. and Ali Ghalambor, PH.D.
2. Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis by H. Dale Beggs, 1991
Oklahoma.
3. Development and Applications of Production Optimization Techniques by
PENGJU WANG, 2003 Stanford.
4. Pressure drop evaluation along pipelines
https://www.scribd.com/doc/284696108/Theory
5. Fluid-Flow Theory, Energy Losses in Flow
http://www.nzifst.org.nz/unitoperations/flfltheory5.htm#frictioninpipes
6. Pressure Loss Form Fittings – Expansion and Reduction in Pipe Size
https://neutrium.net/fluid_flow/pressure-loss-from-fittings-expansion-
and-reduction-in-pipe-size/
23
7. Flow in Pipes
http://www.uomisan.edu.iq/eng/ar/admin/pdf/26059867395.pdf
8. Bends, Flow and Pressure Drop in by Jayanti, Sreenivas
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/577/
9. Its application to well producing system was first proposed by Gilbert
(1954)
10. PROSPER, Petroleum Experts, User Manual, Version 11.5, January 2010

24
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