TRANSISTOR

BY P.SAI SRIVATHSA
What is transistor

 A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch

electronic signals and electrical power.
 Transistors consist of three layers of a semiconductor material,
each capable of carrying a current.
 The semiconductor material is given special properties by a
chemical process called doping.
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSISTOR

 Transistor is also an integral part of all electronic devices of the

new age, such as computers and cellular telephones.
 The transistor as switch shows a simple operation is either in one
of two states, i.e. on or off.
 Transistor action as a switch a transistor allows the flow of
electricity or not. This flow is a constant amount of current, it
never fluctuates on the source side of the circuit.
 Transistors can be designed to use very little power. Millions of
people are used in a watch or calculator can run for years on a
small battery.
EVOLUTION OF TRANSISTOR

 The bipolar transistor was invented by three researchers working at Bell Labroratories:
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Schockley. They had been working on an
idea that used a field effect to control the current in a semiconductor, but they were
unable to make the idea work. They turned their focus onto another possibility and
made a three terminal device using two closely spaced point contacts on a wafer of
germanium. This idea worked and they were able to demonstrate it provided gain in late
1949.
Definition of transistor

 The transistor is a semiconductor device which transfers a weak

signal from low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit.
BASIC OPERATION OF TRANSISTOR

 One p-n junction is forward bais and another junction is

in reverse bais.
TYPES OF TRANSISTOR

 BJT – Bipolar junction transistor

 UJT – Unipolar junction transistor
 FET- Field effect transistor
 MOS – Metal oxide semiconductors
BJT

A bipolar junction transistor (bipolar transistor or BJT) is a type

of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers. In
contrast, unipolar transistors, such as field-effect transistors, only use
one kind of charge carrier.
UJT
A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-lead electronic semiconductor
device with only one junction that acts exclusively as an electrically
controlled switch. The UJT is not used as a linear amplifier.
FET
The FET or Field Effect Transistor is a three terminal device that uses
an electric field to control the current flowing through the device - it
also has a high input impedance which is useful in many circuits.
MOS
The most basic element in the design of a large scale integrated circuit is
the transistor.
Advantages

 Smaller mechanical sensitivity

 Lower cost and smaller in size, especially in small-signal
circuits.
 Low operating voltages for greater safety.
 lower costs and tighter clearances.
Disadvantages

 The power transistor cannot be operating satisfactorily above

switching frequency of 15 kHz.
 It can be damaged due to thermal runway or second breakdown.
 It has reverse blocking capacity is very low.
Applications

 The transistor is a semiconductor device and its use to regulate the supply
current or voltage.
 It can be used as a switch in electrical circuits and also use as an amplifier.
THANK YOU