2017 Questions

TEST QUESTION

How many neurons are in the

brain?

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 ANSWER

100 billion
 QUESTION 1 (1 POINT)

What type of photoreceptors are

found in the fovea?

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ANSWER

Cones
 QUESTION 2 (1 POINT)

What type of memory would you

use to remember how to ice
skate?

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 ANSWER

Nondeclarative or Procedural
Memory
 QUESTION 3 (1 POINT)

What syndrome is characterized

by sleep attacks and cataplexy?

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 ANSWER

Narcolepsy
 QUESTION 4 (1 POINT)

The autonomic nervous system

has 2 branches. Which branch
increases adrenaline release
and blood flow to muscles?

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 ANSWER

Sympathetic Nervous System

 QUESTION 5 (1 POINT)

This condition is characterized

by a progressive and severe
impairment in mental function,
such as memory. One common
form of this condition is
Alzheimer’s disease. What is the
name of this condition? End
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ANSWER

Dementia
 QUESTION 6 (1 POINT)

Amblyopia treatment works best

before the age of 8, when visual
circuits are still developing. What
is the name of the periods of time
when neural circuits are most
easily modified?
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 ANSWER

Critical Periods
 QUESTION 7 (1 POINT)

What is the active substance in

alcohol?

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ANSWER

Ethanol
 QUESTION 8 (1 POINT)

What neurological disorder is

characterized by motor or verbal
tics, which are rapid, repetitive,
and involuntary?

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 ANSWER

Tourette’s Syndrome
 QUESTION 9 (1 POINT)

What is the disease caused by

the death of dopamine neurons
in the substantia nigra?

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 ANSWER

Parkinson’s Disease
 QUESTION 10 (1 POINT)

What is the term for

programmed cell death?

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 ANSWER

Apoptosis
 QUESTION 11 (2 POINTS)

Which disease, in which muscles

become weak and fatigued, is
caused by blockage of
acetylcholine receptors?

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 ANSWER

Myasthenia Gravis
 QUESTION 12 (2 POINTS)

What is the trophic factor that

slows the destruction of
acetylcholine neurons, making it
a potential therapy for
Alzheimer’s Disease?

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 ANSWER

Nerve Growth Factor

 QUESTION 13 (2 POINTS)

What area would be damaged in

a patient with a fluent aphasia?

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 ANSWER

Wernicke’s Area
 QUESTION 14 (2 POINTS)

This part of the hypothalamus

receives input from the retina
and expresses clock proteins to
regulate sleep patterns.

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 ANSWER

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
 QUESTION 15 (2 POINTS)

What peptide neurotransmitter

stimulates C fibers and causes
pain?

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 ANSWER

Substance P
 QUESTION 16 (2 POINTS)

Down syndrome occurs due to

an extra copy of this
chromosome.

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 ANSWER

Chromosome 21
 QUESTION 17 (2 POINTS)

What is the name of the region of

the brain that controls coordination
and is dysfunctional in movement-
related disorders, such as
Parkinson’s and Huntington’s?

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 ANSWER

Basal Ganglia
 QUESTION 18 (2 POINTS)

What specific type of neuron

regulates the sensitivity of
muscle spindles?

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 ANSWER

Gamma Motor Neuron

 QUESTION 19 (2 POINTS)

Gliomas, which are brain

tumors, release toxic amounts
of which neurotransmitter?

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 ANSWER

Glutamate
 QUESTION 20 (2 POINTS)

Unspecialized cells that can

develop into specialized cells
like neurons, astrocytes, and
oligodendrocytes are known as
what?

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 ANSWER

Stem Cells
 QUESTION 21 (3 POINTS)

These structures interact with

signaling molecules to explore
the environment and guide
axons to their precise locations
during development.

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 ANSWER

Growth Cones
 QUESTION 22 (3 POINTS)

What is the name of the

condition in which normally
harmless stimuli produce painful
sensations?

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ANSWER

Allodynia
 QUESTION 23 (3 POINTS)

The hormone ACTH is released

from the pituitary gland to
trigger the release of cortisol.
Where is cortisol released from?

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 ANSWER

Adrenal Glands
 QUESTION 24 (3 POINTS)

One theory of aging suggests

that accumulated cell
byproducts destroy fats and
proteins needed for normal cell
function and cause oxidative
stress. What is the name of
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 ANSWER

Free Radicals
 QUESTION 25 (3 POINTS)

ADHD is hypothesized to be
caused by decreased
transmission of a certain
category of neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters in this
category include dopamine and
epinephrine. What is this End
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 ANSWER

Catecholamines
 QUESTION 26 (3 POINTS)

Two regions of the brain

commonly associated with
dopamine transmission are often
affected by addictive drugs. Name
one of these regions.

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 ANSWER

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) or

Nucleus Accumbens
 QUESTION 27 (3 POINTS)

In Alzheimer’s disease, the

protein tau can clump to form
neurofibrillary tangles.
Additionally, accumulations of a
certain peptide create plaques
around neurons. What is the
name of this peptide? End
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 ANSWER

Beta Amyloid (or Amyloid)

 QUESTION 28 (3 POINTS)

What imaging technique

measures the concentration of
specific chemicals (ex.
neurotransmitters), instead of
blood flow?

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 ANSWER

Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy (MRS)
 QUESTION 29 (3 POINTS)

In post-traumatic stress disorder

(PTSD), which neurotransmitter
released by the brain during
stress remains at heightened
levels?

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 ANSWER

Norepinephrine
(Dopamine also accepted)
 QUESTION 30 (3 POINTS)

What is the term for swelling

caused by excess water in the
brain?

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 ANSWER

Cerebral Edema