MATHEMATICS PROJECT

ON
2D AND 3D SHAPES
Prepared By-
Arnav Deshmukh
 2D AND 3D SHAPES
2D SHAPES- A SHAPE OR A FIGURE THAT HAS A LENGTH AND A BREADTH
ONLY IS A 2D SHAPE. THE SIDES ARE MADE OF STRAIGHT OR CURVED LINES.
THEY CAN HAVE ANY NUMBER OF SIDES.

3D SHAPES- SHAPES EHICH HAVE LENTH BREADTH AND HEIGHT ARE CALLED
3D SHAPES. THEY CAN HAVE LATERAL AS WELL AS CURVE DSURAFACES
Some common 2d shapes
1. TRIANGLE - A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three
vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry .

a.AREA- ½ b*h
b.PERIMETER- LENGTH OF ALL SIDES
2. Square -a plane figure with four equal straight
sides and four right angles.

A. AREA= SIDE*SIDE
B. PERIMETER= 4* SIDE
Rectangle- a plane figure with four straight sides and four
right angles, especially one with unequal adjacent sides, in
contrast to a square.

A. AREA – LENGTH*BREADTH
B. PERIMETER- 2*(L+B)
Circle- a round plane figure whose boundary (the
circumference) consists of points equidistant from a
fixed point (the centre).

a. area- πr^2 ( = radius)

b. perimeter- 2 πr
PARALLEOGRAM- A FOUR-SIDED PLANE RECTILINEAR FIGURE WITH
OPPOSITE SIDES PARALLEL.

A. AREA - BASE * HEIGHT

B. PERIMETER- 2(L+B)
Rhombus- A flat shape with 4 straight sides that are
all equal length. Also opposite sides are parallel
and opposite

A. AREA – BASE* HEIGHT OR ½ D1*D2

B PERIMETER – 4* SIDES
Trapezium- a quadrilateral with one pair of sides
parallel.

a. area- (a+b)/2*h
b. perimeter- length of all sides
Some common 3d shapes
CUBE- A SYMMETRICAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE, EITHER SOLID OR HOLLOW,
CONTAINED BY SIX EQUAL SQUARES

A. EDGES = 12
B. VERTICES= 8
C.FACES= 6
D.LATERAL SURFACE AREA- 4L^2
E. TOTAL SURFACEAREA- 6L^2
f. volume- S*S*S
CUBOID- a solid which has six rectangular faces at right
angles to each other

A. EDGES- 12
B.VERTICES- 8
C. FACES- 6 (ALL ARE PLANE SURFACES
D LATERAL SURFACE AREA- 2(bh+hl)+lb
E. TOTAL SURFACE AREA- 2(bh+hl+lb)
F. VOLUME- L*B*H
SPHERE- A ROUND SOLID FIGURE, OR ITS SURFACE, WITH EVERY
POINT ON ITS SURFACE EQUIDISTANT FROM ITS CENTRE.

A. FACES- 1 LATERAL FACE

B. SURFACE AREA= 4ΠR^2
C. VOLUME= 4/3* ΠR^3
CYLINDER- a solid geometrical figure with straight
parallel sides and a circular or oval cross section.
A. FACES- a. lateral- 1 b.- plane- 2
B. LATERAL SURFACE AREA- 2 Πrh
C.TOTAL SURFACE AREA - 2 ΠR(H+R)
D. VOLUME – ΠR^2H
CONE- A SOLID OR HOLLOW OBJECT WHICH TAPERS FROM A
CIRCULAR OR ROUGHLY CIRCULAR BASE TO A POINT.

A. FACES – A. LATERAL- 1 B. PLANE- 1

B. VERTICES – 1
C. LATERAL SURFACE AREA- ΠRL
D.TOTAL SURFACE AREA- ΠRL(L+R)
E. VOLUME- 1/3 ΠR^2H
HEMISPHERE- a half of the celestial sphere as divided into
two halves by the horizon, the celestial equator, or the
ecliptic.

A. FACES- a. LATERAL- 1 B.- PLANE- 1

B. LATERAL SURFACE AREA- 2 Πr^2
C. TOTAL SURFACE AREA- 3Πr^2
D. VOLUME- 2/3Πr^3