21st Century

Literature from
the Philippines
and the World
Rules:

￮ BE RESPECTFUL
￮ BE PUNCTUAL
￮ BE PREPARED

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￮ NO CELLPHONE POLICY
￮ LATE COMERS

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 21st Century
Literature from
the Philippines
and the World
 Course Description
 This course aims to engage students in
critical study and appreciation of 21st
Century Literature from the Philippines and
the World encompassing their various
dimensions, genres, elements, structures,
contexts, and traditions.
 Appreciate the literature of the world
originally written in the 21st century.
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21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Modules in this course:

 21st Century Literature in Various Regions

“  Literary Texts of Different Regions and

Genres
 Literary Genres, Traditions, and Forms from
Different Cultures
 Basic Textual and Contextual Reading
Approaches

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 Subject’s Content:
￮ Importance of Studying Literature

￮ Philippine literary history from Pre-

colonial to Contemporary

￮ Authors and works of Philippine National

Artists in Literature

￮ Different genres covering: regions in

Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
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 Subject’s Content:
￮ Literary Genres

￮ Traditions and forms from different

national literature and cultures, namely,
Asian, Anglo-American, European, Latin
American, and African

￮ Textual and contextual reading approach

in the study and appreciation of literature.

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Grading
System
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 Core Subject:
Written Works Performance Quarterly
Task Assessment

25% 50% 25%

• Assignment Reporting • Quarterly
• Seatwork PETA Exam
• Quizzes
• Long Quiz
• Prelims

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Performance
Task
“From the
Past I
Arise”
 Introduction
toLiterature
withPhilippine
Literature
ignatius joseph nestroga
ignatius joseph nestroga
What is Literature?
• Literature and history are closely interrelated.
• In discovering history of a race, a country, we
basically understand their own culture and
traditions, hence the written customs and
traditions of a country, the dreams and
aspirations of its people is called Literature.
• History can also be written down and this
too, is literature. History therefore is an
integral part of literature.
Philippine
Literary
History
Literary Forms during the
Pre-colonial Period
 Oral Folk
Literature Folk Tales
Songs
(Pedro
Nagtagohides but you
si Pedro, canang
labas stillulo.
see his head. )

Hindi pari,not
Not a priest, hindi hari,
a king but nagdadamit
wears different ng sari-
kinds of
clothes.
sari.

It has
Iisa ang
one
pasukan,
entrance,
tatlo
butang
haslabasan.
three exit.

What's full of holes but still holds water?

You see a boat filled with people. It has not sunk,
but when you look again you don’t see a single
person on the boat. Why?
It is easy to understand because it is straightforward and
not figurative in nature.
Usual Themes:
• Ceremonies needed to appease the
deities.
• Pre and Post apocalypse
• Life and Death
• Gods and Goddesses
• Heroes and Heroines
• Supernatural beings
• Animals
1. Myths- these tackle the natural to strange
occurrences of the earth and how things were
created with an aim to give an explanation to
things.
2. Legends-. These stories usually come with a
moral lesson that give credit to supernatural
powers, supernatural occurrences, and other
out- of this- world native imagination.
3. Fables- are short or brief stories that cater the
children of the native Filipinos and are usually
bounded by good manners and right conduct.
These stories use animals as characters that
represent a particular value or characteristic.
4. Epics- are very lengthy narratives that are
based on oral traditions. These contain
encounters of fighters, stereotypical princes or
heroes that save a damsel in distress.
• Myths
 The Story of Bathala
 Ang Pag-aaway ng Dagat at Langit
• Legends
 The Legend of Maria Makiling
 The Legend of the Sampaguita
• Fables
 Ang Pagong at si Matsing
 Langgam at Tipaklong
• Epics
 Hinilawod
 Biag ni Lam-ang
GASPAR AQUINO DE BELEN
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Jose Rodriquez
 Andres Bonifacio

• Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan

(Obligations of our Countrymen)
– an outline of obligations just like the Ten
Commandments, hence, it is likewise called Ang
Dekalogo.
• Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog (What the
Tagalogs should Know)
– an essay outlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s
ideas on nationalism.
 DR. Jose Rizal

• First Novel: Noli Me Tangere which

means Touch me not. (a work of the
heart)
• Second novel: El Filibusterismo
which means The traitor (the work of
the mind)
• English Alphabet was introduced
• The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized for
more than 300 years.
• June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of our independence.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first president of the Philippine
Republic but this was short lived.
1906 – Banaag at Sikat – by Lope K. Santos
• ROMANTIC POETRY
Pag-ibig – by Jose Corazon de Jesus.
• SHORT STORIES
a) 1925 – Dead Stars – by Paz Marquez Benitez.
b) 1927 – The Small Key – by Paz Latorena
c) 1933 – Footnote to Youth –by Jose Garcia Villa
d) 1940 – We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers –by Alejandro
Roces
• Literary Works
Philippine literature flourished even more during the postwar and
contemporary period. Writers were able to produce short stories,
novels, essays, and poems that continue to be read by Filipinos
today.
Examples:
Some works written in the postwar and contemporary period are:
• May Day Eve by Nick Joaquin, 1947
• Waywaya by F. Sionil Jose, 1983
• We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers by Alejandro Roces, 1948
• The Return by Edith L. Tiempo
• History and Philippine Culture by Horacio de la Costa, 1965
• Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana, 1947