PRESENTED BY – JOLLY CHAUDHARI

ROLL NO – 128
TCE
F Y B.ED 2018-19
OBJECTIVES :
TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND:
INTRODUCTION :
 VOICE IS NOT USED IN ALL LANGUAGES.
 VOICE EXPLAINS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A VERB AND ITS
SOURCE OF AGENCY i.e. THE SUBJECT OF THE PERSON OR THING
PERFORMING OR CONTROLLING THE ACTION OF THE VERB.
 VOICE REPRESENTS THE STRUCTURE OF A SENTENCE THAT HAS A
VERB, SUBJECT AND OBJECT.

SUBJECT

VOICE
DEFINITION OF VOICE:
 TYPES OF VOICE

ACTIVE PASSIVE MIDDLE

VOICE VOICE VOICE
ACTIVE VOICE:
 VERB IS SAID TO BE ACTIVE OR IN ACTIVE VOICE WHEN THE
AGENT OR SUBJECT OF THE VERB PERFORMS THE ACTION
AND IS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE.
 RULE: SUBJECT IS THE DOER OF VERB IN ACTIVE VOICE.

 MOST COMMON TYPE OF VOICE USED IN BOTH, SPOKEN AS

WELL AS WRITTEN ENGLISH.

 COSIDERED AS DEFAULT VOICE.

 SUBJECT IS IMPORTANT AND TAKES THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR

ACTION.
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE VOICE:
1) THE DOG JUMPED ONTO THE BOY.
SUBJECT- DOG, DOING VERB- JUMPING, OBJECT- THE BOY

2) THE LEOPARD CHASED THE ANTELOPE.

SUBJECT- LEOPARD, DOING VERB- CHASING, OBJECT-
ANTELOPE

3) VIVAN SINGS WELL.

SUBJECT- VIVAN, DOING VERB- SINGS, OBJECT- ABSENT

4)TOM KILLED A SNAKE.

SUBJECT- TOM, DOING VERB- KILLING, OBJECT- SNAKE
PASSIVE VOICE:
 SENTENCE IS SAID TO BE IN PASSIVE VOICE WHEN THE SUBJECT
IS ACTED UPON BY THE VERB.

 IN PASSIVE VOICE SUBJECT DOES NOT PERFORM THE ACTION BUT

THE ACTION IS PERFORMED ON THE SUBJECT.

 RULE: SUBJECT OF THE VERB IS THE RECEIVER OF THE ACTION.

 OBJECT BECOMES THE SUBJECT.

 A PASSIVE VOICE VERB IS USED IN PAST-PARTICIPLE.

 PASSIVE SENTENCES ARE USED WHEN THE SUBJECT IS NOT

IMPORTANT AND FOCUS IS MORE ON THE OBJECT.
EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE VOICE:
1) A SNAKE IS KILLED BY TOM.
SUBJECT- SNAKE, VERB- KILLING, OBJECT- TOM

2) MICE ARE CAUGHT BY CATS.

SUBJECT- MICE, VERB- CAUGHT, OBJECT- CATS

3) STONES WERE BEING THROWN BY THEM AT THE BIRDS.

SUBJECT- STONES, VERB- BEING THROWN, OBJECT- THEM

4) MY BOOK HAD BEEN STOLEN BY SOMEONE.

SUBJECT- BOOK, VERB- STOLEN, OBJECT- SOMEONE
 MIDDLE VOICE:
 A TYPE OF VOICE THAT IS A COMBINATION OF SORTS BETWEEN
THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE.
 IT IS NOT CLEARLY DEFINED IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
 IN MOST MIDDLE VOICE SENTENCES THE AGENT PEROFRMS
THE VERB’S ACTION ON ITSELF INSTEAD OF AN OBJECT.
 DUE TO LACK OF USAGE OF MIDDLE VOICE VERB FORM, THESE
VERBS ARE TYPICALLY FOLLOWED BY REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
LIKE FOR I- MYSELF, HE- HIMSELF, IT- ITSELF, SHE- HERSELF,
ETC.
 RULE: THE SUBJECT/AGENT PERFORMS THE VERB/ACTION ON
ITSELF.
EXAMPLES OF MIDDLE VOICE:
1) MY GIRLFRIEND ALWAYS CHECKS ON HERSELF BEFORE GOING OUT.
SUBJECT- GIRLFRIEND, VERB- CHECKS, OBJECT- HERSELF

2) THE DOG BIT ITSELF.

SUBJECT- DOG, VERB- BIT, OBJECT- ITSELF

3) THE BICYCLE BROKE WITHOUT WARNING.

SUBJECT- BICYCLE, VERB- BROKE

4) HE THREW A BIRTHDAY PARTY FOR HIMSELF.

SUBJECT- HE, VERB- THREW, OBJECT- HIMSELF
EXCEPTIONS IN ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE:
IN MOST PASSIVE SENTENCES WE USE THE PREPOSITION ‘BY’ BUT THERE
ARE CERTAIN EXCEPTONS TO IT AS UNDER:

 USE OF PREPOSITION ‘AT’ INSTEAD OF ‘BY’, FOR SENTENCES WITH MAIN

VERBS SUCH AS ‘SHOCKED, SURPRISED, ANNOYED, ALARMED,
DISAPPOINTED, DISPLEASED, DISTRESSED, ASTONISHED, LAUGHED’.
FOR EG: HIS BEHAVIOUR ANNOYED ME. (ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: I WAS ANNOYED AT HIS BEHAVIOUR. (PASSIVE VOICE)

 USE OF PREPOSITION ‘TO’ INSTEAD OF ‘BY’, FOR SENTENCES WITH THE

MAIN VERB SUCH AS ‘MARRIED, KNOWN, OBLIGED’.
FOR EG: KARAN MARRIED BIPASHA. (ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: BIPASHA WAS MARRIED TO KARAN. (PASSIVE VOICE)
USE OF PREPOSITION ‘WITH’ INSTEAD OF ‘BY’, FOR SENTENCES WITH
MAIN VERB SUCH AS ‘PLEASED, DISGUSTED, IMPRESSED, CHARMED’.
FOR EG: HER PERFORMANCE IMPRESSED US. (ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: WE WERE IMPRESSED WITH HER PERFORMANCE. (PASSIVE VOICE)

USE OF PREPOSITION ‘IN’ INSTEAD OF ‘BY’, FOR SENTENCES WITH MAIN

VERB SUCH AS ‘INTERESTED, CONSISTED, ABSORBED, CONTAINED’.
FOR EG: THIS TOPIC MIGHT INTEREST STUDENTS. (ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: STUDENTS MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN THIS TOPIC. (PASSIVE VOICE)

USE OF ‘WHEN’ INSTEAD OF ‘BY’, FOR SENTENCES WITH MAIN VERB SUCH
AS ‘SMELL, TASTE, FEEL’.
FOR EG: HONEY TASTES SWEET. (ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: HONEY IS SWEET WHEN TASTED. (PASSIVE VOICE)
 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ADVERB

ACTIVE VOICE TOM EATS THREE EVERY

MORNING
SANDWICHES

THREE WERE EVERY

PASSIVE VOICE SANDWICHES EATEN
BY TOM
MORNING
CHANGE THE VOICE IN SENTENCES AS PER INSTRUCTIONS
GIVEN IN THE BRACKET:
1) HE TEACHES US ENGLISH. (ACTIVE TO PASIVE VOICE)
ANS: ENGISH IS TAUGHT TO US BY HIM.

2) THE KING KILLED THE LION. (ACTIVE TO PASIVE VOICE)

ANS: THE LION WAS KILLED BY THE KING.
3) SHE WILL BE PARDONED BY THEM. (PASSIVE TO ACTIVE VOICE)
ANS: THEY WILL PARDON HER.
4) THEY FOUND HIM GUILTY OF MURDER. (ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE)
ANS: HE WAS FOUND GUILTY OF MURDER BY THEM.

5) THE TREE WILL BE CUT DOWN BY HIM. (PASSIVE TO ACTIVE VOICE)

ANS: HE WILL CUT DOWN THE TREE.
CONCLUSION:
DECISION OF USING THE VOICE DEPENDS UPON THE
EMPHASIS OF THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT, THUS
ALLOWING US TO CONTROL THE FLOW OF TEXT AND TO
STRESS THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS OF OUR
SENTENCE.