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HETEROGENOUS HOMOGENOUS
ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS MIXTURES MIXTURES
Elements are the Compounds are All components of Homogeneous
simplest pure pure substances the mixture are mixtures
substances. that are made of visible because they Components cannot
Examples: more than one do not mix together be distinguished
• O-Oxygen element bound Particles not from each other,
• H- Hydrogen together. distributed evenly appear as one
• Na- Sodium Examples: substance
• C- Carbon • H2O and CO2 EX: sand and water Particles distributed
• Fe- Iron vegetable soup evenly throughout
• Pb- Lead A molecule is oil and water
The smallest formed when two EX: air, salt water,
particle of an or more atoms 10 karat gold
element that has chemically
the properties of combine. *SOLUTIONS
that element is an
atom.
Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures
All components of Components cannot be
the mixture are distinguished from
visible because they each other, appear as
one substance
do not mix together
Particles distributed
Particles not evenly throughout
distributed evenly
EX: air, salt water, 10
EX: trail mix, karat gold
vegetable soup,
oil and water
Homogeneous mixtures are also called
solutions.
Separate particles are not visible because
one dissolves in the other = dissolution
In salt water,
◦ salt is the solute, gets dissolved
◦ water is the solvent, dissolves
other substance
Q. Why do some substances dissolve and others do
not?
A. In a solute, each particle is attracted to each other
to form a grain of it. When the solute is placed in a
water, new attractive forces are present. If the
attractive forces between the water and the solute
are stronger than those holding the solute together,
then the solute will break down and get dissolved
in the water.
Because different amounts of
solute can be dissolved in a
solvent, we look at a solution’s
SOLUBILITY.
Definition: The maximum
amount of solute that can be
dissolved in a given amount of
solvent at a specific
temperature.
Usually expressed as the
number of grams of solute per
100mL of solvent.
Everychemical substance which dissolves
in water has a fixed solubility.
◦ If it does not dissolve, solubility = zero.
oUnsaturated:
Less than maximum amount of solute
dissolved in solvent
oSupersaturated:
More than maximum amount of
solute dissolved in solvent
oDilute:
to make less concentrated
1. Sedimentation: occurs 3. Filtration: separates parts of
naturally when solid a heterogeneous mixture by
substances that are heavier pouring it though a filter, the
than their solvent deposit at larger particles (residue) will be
the bottom of the mixture. held in the filter while the smaller
ones (filtrate) will pass through.
EX: Water treatment
EX: Brita