PROBLEM IN

OXYGENATION
IMPAIRED AIRWAY
VENTILATION DUE TO
OBSTRUCTION

JACOB A. ULTRA
BRONCHITIS

 It is the condition where the lining of

bronchial tubes (bronchi) become inflamed or
infected.
 It have reduced the ability to breath in air and
oxygen into the lungs, they have also heavy
mucus forming in the airways.
TYPES OF BRONCHITIS
 ACUTE :
 usually has a cough that lasts around
three weeks.
 These virus spread through the air when
people cough or by direct contact.

 Risk factors includes:

• Tobacco
• Smoke
• Dust
• Other air pullotion
 Treatment:
 Rest
 Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
 NSAIDs to help with fever.
 CHRONIC:
 Productive cough that lasts three months or
more/year for atleast two years.
 Most people have bronchitis have also COPD.
 Tobacco is the most common cause, with a
number of other factors such as air pollution
and genetic playing a small role.
 Treatments
 Quitting smoking
 Vaccination
 Inhaled bronchodilators and steroids

 Long term oxygen therapy

 Lung transplantation
 PATHOPYSIOLOGY
Due to environmental factors

Microorganism enter into the respiratory tract by inhalation

Widespread inflammation occurs

thin mucus lining of the bronchi can become irritated & swollen

cell that makes up lining may leak fluid in response to the

inflammation

Coughing as a reflex that works to clear the secretions from

the lungs
 Alveolar fluid responds

Narrowing of the airways

Ventilation decrease as a secretions thickens

Mucus within the airways produces resistance in

small airways and can cause severe ventilation
perfusion

BRONCHITIS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONs

 Both ACUTE and CHRONIC Bronchitis

 Persistent cough
 Production of mucus which can be clear,
white, yellowish gray or green in color, rarely
it may be streaked with blood
 Crackles and wheezing
 Chest tightening
 Sore throat, dyspnea
 Blocked nose and sinuses
TREATMENT

 Antibiotics
 Antitussive
 Bronchodilators
 Mucolytics
 Corticosteroids
 Antipyretics
 Others (oxygenation theraphy)
Nursing Responsibilities
 Instruct to rest
 Drink plenty of water
 Breath warm and moist air
 Take OTC drugs, cough suppressants and pain
reliever in order to manage symptoms and
ease breathing.
 Many case of acute condition may go away
without any specific treatment