Journey to the Cloud

K. Rajesh Rao
Assistant Professor- Senior
Department of ICT
MIT, Manipal
 Why Cloud Computing?
“70%
. of the budget to keep IT running, 30% available to create new value”
“…that needs to be inverted”
“Weeks of planning, justification, and deployment and then we’re stuck with it for 5 years –
even if our needs change…”
“…or we could just buy it as a service – right now”
“Most of our legacy applications are stable and predictable”
“…we need to incrementally improve efficiency
without disruption”
“but, new, more dynamic and fluid approaches to IT must also be leveraged for new
applications and changing legacy applications”

“…new, revolutionary IT model is required”

Globalization, aging of the data centers, storage growth, application explosion, cost
of ownership and acquisitions are the IT challenges that have made
organizations to think on Cloud computing.
 Technology Foundations of Cloud
Computing
• Distributed Systems
• Grid Computing
• Utility Computing
• Virtualization
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 Technology Foundations of Cloud
Computing (contd…)
• Distributes Systems
 A distributed system consists of multiple computers that
communicate through a computer network.
 The computers interact with each other in order to achieve
a common goal.
 In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many
tasks, each of which is solved by one or more computers,
which communicate with each other by message passing
 Technology Foundations of Cloud
Computing (contd…)
• Grid Computing- Form of distributed computing which applies
the resources of numerous computers in a network to work on a
single complex task at the same time

 Goal- Collaborative sharing of resources

 Ownership- Multiple
 Resource management- Distributed
 Allocation/Scheduling- Decentralized
 Type of service CPU, network, memory, bandwidth, device,
storage,…
 Resource- Limited (because hardware are limited)
 Configuration- Difficult as users haven’t administrator privilege
 Technology Foundations of Cloud
Computing (contd…)
• Utility Computing- Service provisioning model that offers
computing resources as a metered service.

• Virtualization
 Provides improved utilization of resources.
 Enables optimization of resources
 Use the available computing capacity as efficiently as
possible among the users and applications.
 Technology Foundations of Cloud
Computing (contd…)
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 An architectural approach in which applications make use
of services available in the network.
 Each service provides a specific function.
 Services are loosely coupled in nature.
 Emergence of New IT Model – Cloud
Computing
. Cloud Computing

A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared

pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers, storage, networks,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.
– National Institute of Standards and Technology

• Essential Cloud Characteristics

• On-demand self-service
“Computing may someday be
• Broad network access
organized as a public utility, just as the
• Resource pooling electricity is organized as a public utility”
• Rapid elasticity – John McCarthy, speech at MIT in 1961

• Measured service
 Building Cloud Infrastructure
.
Infrastructure should meet essential Cloud characteristics
• Building Cloud infrastructure is a journey in
phased approach:
– Understand your existing infrastructure
– Virtualize your infrastructure
• Virtualization enables resource pooling and
rapid elasticity
– Deploy service management tools to deliver
Cloud service
• Automate service provisioning to enable on-
demand self-service of computing resources
over the network
• Facilitate measured services
Understand Existing Infrastructure – Classic
Data Center
– Classic Data Center (CDC) is a facility that
.

provides IT resources to process data Classic Data Center

– The core elements of a classic data center

are:
– Compute
– Storage
– Network
– Application
– Database Management System (DBMS)
 Virtualize the Infrastructure
.

• Virtualization is a technique of abstracting physical resources and

making them appear as logical resources
• Virtualization may be implemented at compute, storage,
network, and/or application layers
– Refers to as a Virtualized Data Center (VDC)
• Virtualization Benefits:
– Optimizes utilization of IT infrastructure
– Reduces cost and management complexity
– Reduces deployment time
– Increases flexibility
 Deploy Service Management Tools
• Service Management tools help to create and deliver Cloud
services
• Automates and Optimizes:
– Service request processes
– Provision and delivery of services
• Enables Metering of resource usage
• Manages of physical and virtual resources
 Journey to the Cloud – A Phased Approach
Cloud
.

Cloud Services

Virtualized
Virtualized Data Center Infrastructure

Virtualized
Classic Data Center
Infrastructure
Cloud Computing: Essential Characteristics
 On-Demand Self-Service
.

• Enables consumers to get computing resources as and when

required, without any human intervention
• Facilitates consumer to leverage “ready to use” services or,
enables to choose required services from the service catalog
• Allows provisioning of resources using self-service interface
 Self-service interface should be user-friendly
 Broad Network Access
.

• Cloud services are accessed via the network, usually the

internet, from a broad range of client platforms such as:
 Desktop computer
 Laptop
 Mobile phone
 Thin Client
• Eliminates the need for accessing a particular client platform to
access the services
• Enables accessing the services from anywhere across the globe
 Resource Pooling
.

• IT resources (compute, storage, network) are pooled to serve

multiple consumers
 Based on multi-tenant model
• Consumer has no knowledge about the exact location of the
resources provided
• Resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned based on
the consumer demand
 Rapid Elasticity
.

• Ability to scale IT resources rapidly, as required, to fulfill the

changing needs without interruption of service
 Resources can be both scaled up and scaled down dynamically
• To the consumer, the Cloud appears to be infinite
 Consumers can start with minimal computing power and can
expand their environment to any size
 Metered Service
.

• Consumers are billed based on the metered usage of Cloud

resources
 Cost incurred on a pay-per-use basis
 Pricing/billing model is tied up with the required service levels
• Resource usage is monitored and reported, which provides
transparency for chargeback to both Cloud service provider
and consumer about the utilized service
 Cloud Offering Examples
. Pay-As-You-Go

Salesforce.com,
EMC Mozy, Atmos,
Google App Engine,
Amazon EC2

I want secured
backup of my files, I need a word processing
so that I can retrieve application for a brief
data from anywhere, period to prepare my
anytime documents

My organization needs to
grow, but cannot spend My organization wants to test
much to buy new servers, a software in different
storage platform before investing on it
 Cloud Computing Benefits
.