Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Source: epa.gov
Nitrogen concentration in
5
domestic sewage contd.
• Nitrogen is one of the causes of eutrophication, while some
N-compounds (e.g. ammonia, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate,
chloramines) can be harmful for human health.
Source:eniscuola.net
Nitrogen removal from
6
wastewater
Biological
Process
Wastewater
Treatment
Technologies for
the Removal of
Nitrogen
Physico-
chemical
Process
Biological Nitrogen Removal
7
Process
Biological Nitrogen Removal
8
Process contd.
Nitrogen transformation in Biological Treatment:
1. Nitrification by autotrophic bacteria:
Biological Nitrogen Removal
9
Process contd.
Nitrogen transformation in Biological Treatment:
2. Denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria:
N2 + CO2 +H2O + OH +
NO3 + BOD
CELLS
Advanced
oxidation process
Ammonia Chemical to convert
adsorption on Reduction of ammonia and
charcoal Nitrate organic-N into
nitrogen gas or
nitrate
TECHNOLOGIES
REVIEW
1. Ammonia air and steam
12
stripping
Ammonia Stripping:
• In ammonia stripping, lime
or some other caustic
substance is generally
added to the wastewater
until pH reaches 10.8-11.5
standard units, converting
ammonium hydroxide ions
to ammonia gas according
to the equilibrium reaction:
Figure 1. Free ammonia fraction as
a function of temperature and pH
Source: scielo.br
1. Ammonia air and steam
14
stripping
Applications:
most extensive applications in concentrated wastewater
treatment (e.g. landfill leachate, supernatants of
anaerobic digestion processes, specific flows of the
petrochemical industry),
very few applications in sewage treatment
Efficiency:
Efficiency of ammonia stripping depends mainly on pH
and temperature, in addition to the dimensioning criteria
of the process (e.g. liquid rate, air/liquid ratio, packing
height, packing characteristics).
1. Ammonia air and steam
15
stripping
Limitations:
1. Formation of CaCO3 scale on the tower packing,
resulting in a progressive loss of stripping
performance, with the need of frequent chemical
cleaning operations
2. Air stripping cannot be performed in freezing
conditions when icing of the lower packing strata may
occur, resulting in a dramatic reduction of process
performance
3. It should be considered that the resulting free
dispersion of ammonia into the atmosphere may be
unacceptable in many areas due to air quality
concerns or regulations.
1. Ammonia stripping in closed
16
loop
Ammonia Stripping in closed loop:
• Closed loop systems are designed to avoid the
limitations of above process. Air stripping is often used
in the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW)
landfill leachate(or groundwater polluted by the same
leachate).
• The system consists of: coagulation-flocculation at pH
> 11; water heating at 38°C; ammonia air stripping;
ammonia recovery by absorption with a sulfuric acid
solution. We can obtain a reduction of ammonia from
199 mg/L(as N) down to 22.5 mg/L (as N).
• High ammonia removal efficiencies (greater than 95%)
can be achieved by operating at 38°C with liquid rates
below 4.5 m3 m-2 h-1 and air/water ratios above 1,500
Nm3 m-3
1. Ammonia stripping in closed
17
loop