Ujian t 2 sampel bersandar

UJIAN-t dua sampei BERSANDAR

 Digunakan jika terdapat min dua kumpulan ATAU set skor
yang hendak dibanding.
 Pembolehubah bersandar lazimnya diukur pada skala
sela atau nisbah (kepuasan bekerja, tahap motivasi, IQ,
kecekapan fizikal, kekuatan kerohanian, dll)
 Kedua-dua kumpulan adalah berkait atau berpadanan
bagi kedua-dua set tersebut.
 Kedua-dua bandingan min adalah daripada
 kelompok yang sama (kajian eksperimen pra-pasca, ujian1 vs
ujian2, trial 1 vs trial 2)
 kelompok yang berbeza tetapi setiap skor di SET I adalah
berpadanan dengan SET II (pasangan kembar, abang adik, anak
lelaki dengan bapa dan sebagainya)
Pengujian Hipotesis Perbandingan Min –
Kumpulan Bersandar

POPULASI

Set 1 Set 2
•Skor ujian-pra •Skor ujian-pasca
•Bakat menyanyi abang •Bakat menyanyi adik
•Skor ujian BM •Skor ujian BI
 Terdapat perbezaan prestasi ujian menaakul
sebelum eksperimen berbanding dengan selepas
eksperimen.

S1=20 S1=28
S2=25 S2=35
S3=36 S3=46
.. ..
.. ..

Sebelum eksperimen Selepas eksperimen

 Dependent Samples
Each member of one sample is paired with a member of the other
sample. For example, the test score for each person in the sample
could be recorded before (pre) and after (post) taking the an
instructional treatment.

x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2

Pre-Scores Post-Scores
 Pengujian Hiopotesis
Ujian-t Bersandar (Paired-sample t-test)
In a study to measure the effect of a new teaching method, the
researcher collected performance data both before and after
implementing the new teaching method among a randomly
selected sample. Performance before and after
implementation were as follows.
Test the hypothesis at α =0.05 Data set:
Pre Post
5 8
6 7
7 6
4 6
6 6
3 8
4 7
5 3
7 6
When each value from one sample is paired with a
data value in the second sample, the samples are
dependent.

x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 x2

The difference d = x1 - x2 is calculated for each data pair.

The sampling distribution for d the mean of the differences is a
t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom. (Where n is the number
of pairs.)

7
1. Nyatakan hipotesis nol (H0) dan hipotesis alternatif (HA) –

HO : µd = 0 Data set:
HA : µd ≠ 0 Pre Post d
5 8 3
6 7 1
7 6 -1
► Calculate summary statistics 4 6 2
6 6 0
Summary Stat: 3 8 5
n=9 4 7 3
Σd = 10 5 3 -2
Σd² = 54 7 6 -1
d = 1.1111
SP = 2.3154
2. Tetapkan aras signifikan, taburan persampelan,
kawasan kritikal atau tak kritikal

3. Tentukan nilai kritikal bagi taburan persampelan

yang digunakan - RUJUK JADUAL -t

t 0.05, 8 = ±2.306
4. Kirakan statistik pengujian (tests statistics) bagi
taburan persampelan tersebut – FORMULA
Summary Stat:
n=9 Data set:
Σd = 10
Σd² = 54 Pre Post d
d = 1.1111 5 8 3
SP = 2.3154
6 7 1
7 6 -1
d  d 1.1111 - 0 4 6 2
t 
sd = 2.3154
6 6 0
n √9
3 8 5
= 1.1111 - 0 4 7 3
0.7718
5 3 -2
t = 1.440 7 6 -1
5. Buat keputusan, kesimpulan, dan tafsiran.

Since t cal (1.44) < t critical (2.306)

Fail to reject HO

Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the mean
performance of the two set of scores, t (8) = 1.44,
p>.05. Hence, it may not be concluded that the new
teaching method has an effect on students
performance.