1) Reducing Inequity for Sustainable and Equitable

Developments
2) A New Vision for a Sustainable and Equitable
Housing Program
3) Decentralization and Partnership Programs
4) The Role of Local Institutions in Urban
Development Programs
5) The Advantages and Risks of Private Sector
Involvement
6) Opportunity and Constraints of Community
Involvement
7) Role of Sub-Groups in Urban Development
8) Maximizing Choices
9) Changing Family Lifestyles
10) Implications for New Development Programs?
 UNCED develops a new agenda which includes protection
for poor in the world of rapid economic globalization.
 Poor’s rights must be protected in a way that they must be
allowed to make their own choices and can change their
choice whenever they want.
 This will allow concept of fairness for all worlds people
and this will reduce inequity among people.
REGIONAL LEVEL:
 Reducing disparity
 Increasing per capita income
 Reducing urban poverty

SPECIFIC LEVEL:
 At specific level all sectors of civil society
are allowed to make decisions.
 To reduce inequity mechanism includes
optimizing the contribution of groups and
sub-groups in society and maximizing
people's choices.
 The residents of squatter settlements and
slum who need shelter should expect their
own facilities and make their policies to
fulfill their requirements.
 Different countries announce different
policies with non government organizations.
 Non government system arrange and
maintain the urban system not to plan new
but to maintain, facilitate, operate and to
control and regulate few activates of the
city.
 Leading institutions like WOLRD BANK and ASIAN
DEVELOPMENT BANK give pressure to the
government to privatize overall structure
reforms, but these pressure reinforced by social
changes and economic issues.
 In some developing countries government is
transferring functions to non government except
some functions they handover them urban
development .
 In developing countries government offering
financial stimulant the private sector to provide
them loans, shelter and services to individual or
group of invertors from private sector.
 Non government and private agencies gain profit
from government and provide facilities to the
private companies in cooperative offices for
increase efficiency , delivery cost and low product
to access new technologies and become efficient
decision maker which help government.
 In non government organizations the political
oppositions thinks that poor cant afford and they
don’t have much income to pay, so by excluding
them they can make market at upper level but
these non government organizations should be
replaced by government to provide ease to
people.
 For the betterment of country it is considered
that the higher organization should word with
private organizations to give benefit to the
country.
 Women plays a significant role in the development of a society.
 Over the last two decades female labor force has been
increasing rapidly in every country in Asia.
 The women who sits home also supplements household income
as maids, vendors, daily-wages laborers, artisans, and casual
laborers such as rag-pickers.
 Economic programs have also been initiated for women to start
their business from home.
 The area where women needs to be educated is how to save
energy because some uneducated women cook food on wood
burning or kerosene stove which cause pollution and this can be
controlled by proper education.
 Women can also play role in landscaping and kitchen gardening
by planting trees to fight against deforestation.
 They can also control noise pollution made by home industries.
 Men’s attitude against women
 Social norms
 Illiteracy
 Social pressures against women
General Policy Level
 Decentralizing Central Government
 Promoting partnerships
Local Implementation Level
 Maximizing specific choices that deal with location,
construction, level of participation, neighborhood
organization, house type, changing family values, social
and religious affiliations, and individual or familial
preferences.
 In less developed countries communities get more involved
in design, which make the design complex.
 Their social and cultural background make the process more
difficult.
 In developing countries only few members of the
community are allowed to participate in the design process.
 The most delicate issues in housing programs in developing
countries are that they are not necessarily organized.
 In industrial world political decision making take place and
in towns members are allowed to make their own decisions.
 In developing countries the leaders or those in power are
allowed to make their decisions as well as decisions for the
whole community so the elder ones are not allowed to make
their decision, they had to follow the decisions made by the
leaders.
 All housing projects are not based on political decisions.
They are just planned according to family size without
knowing their cultural background. People can just make
decision that if they want to live their or not.