METAMORPHISM AND ITS

EFFECTS IN ROCK FORMATION

LAVA
PLUTONISM
MANTLE
CONVECTION

MAGMA VOLCANO

MAGMATISM VOLCANISM
WHAT DO YOU CALL THE PROCESS OF
FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS?
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS?

INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS IGNEOUS
ROCK ROCK
Two Types of Igneous Rocks

INTRUSIVE
Formed when the
IGNEOUS magma hardens
ROCK before an eruption
occurs.
Two Types of Igneous Rocks

EXTRUSIVE Formed when the

IGNEOUS lava cools and
ROCK solidifies on the
Earth’s surface.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IGNEOUS ROCKS
ARE EXPOSED TO HEAT AND PRESSURE?

METAMORPHISM
METAMORPHISM

• “metamorphoun” -transform or change shape

• The process of change in the form and

structure of rocks due to intense heat and
pressure.
TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
CONTACT
METAMORPHISM

DYNAMIC
METAMORPHISM

REGIONAL
METAMORPHISM
 CONTACT METAMORPHISM
The process where the country rock adjacent to
the igneous intrusions is altered by the high heat
coming from the intrusions.
 DYNAMIC METAMORPHISM
The process where rocks along the fault
zones are altered due to high pressure.
 REGIONAL METAMORPHISM
The most common form of metamorphism that
occurs in broad areas. It is caused by high
temperature and pressure that resulted from the
thickening of the crust and plate tectonics.
TYPES OF STRESSES IN THE
EARTH’S CRUST

COMPRESSION TENSION

SHEAR FORCE
COMPRESSION
Causes the rocks to push
or to collide with each
other. This can make the
rocks come together or
make the plates rise.
Mountains and hills could
be formed when two
plates collide.
TENSION
Opposite of
compression. The
tension force pulls the
rocks away from each
other. This force
created continental
drifts and mid-ocean
ridges.
 SHEAR FORCE
Pushes the crust in different directions.
Shearing results in the breaking of the large
parts of the crust into smaller sizes. This force
always happens along the plate boundaries.
Plate boundaries are the location where the two
plates meet. When the two plates rub each
other and move in opposite directions, it creates
friction. This friction leads to the shaking of the
Earth’s ground or earthquake.