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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF
132 kV SUBSTATION SHAHDADPUR

Engr. Abdul Sattar Memon (Superviser)

Sajid Mehmood Arain (G.L-09EL12)
Muhammad Hassan Solangi (A.G.L-09EL43)
Sher Ali Dhari (M-09EL49)
Madad Ali Lund Baloch (M-09EL24)
Azfar Khan Khushak (M-09EL19)
Zeeshan Ahmed Qureshi (M-09EL33)
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Introduction

Generation

Step Up
Transformer

Transmission
line

Step Down
Transformer
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Visit of Shahdadpur Substation
 Single Line Diagram of
132 kV Grid Station Shahdadpur

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 Single Line Diagram of
132 kV Grid Station Shahdadpur (Cont…)

Potential Transformer
• Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer is used
in electrical power system for stepping down the system voltage
to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings meters and relays.

Isolator
• An isolator is a non load-breaking switch, and is provides a
visible means of isolating.

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 Single Line Diagram of
132 kV Grid Station Shahdadpur (Cont…)

Current Transformer
• Instrument transformer means current transformer is used
in electrical power system for stepping down currents of the
system for metering and protection purpose. Actually relays and
meters used for protection and metering, are not designed for
high currents.
• Connection : T(Y) => C.T( Delta) , T(Delta) => C.T(Y)

Circuit Breaker
• A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused
by overload or short circuit Current.
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 Single Line Diagram of
132 kV Grid Station Shahdadpur (Cont…)

Lightning Arrestor
• A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems
to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the
damaging effects of lightning.
• It is mainly installed across each phase and earth at the entry of
the transmission line to the Grid Station. It can also be seen at
HV and LV sides of all power transformer installed at the Grid
Station(substation).
Bus Coupler
• Bus coupler is a device which is used to switch from one bus to
the other without any interruption in power supply and without
creating hazardous arcs. It is achieved with the help of circuit
breaker and isolators. 8
 Single Line Diagram of
132 kV Grid Station Shahdadpur (Cont…)

Power Transformer
• A Transformer is a static machine used for transforming power
from one circuit to another without changing frequency.
• There are two Power Transformers at Shahdadpur Grid Station
• T1- have rating 20/26 MVA
• T2-have rating 10/13 MVA
• They both are feeding 10 feeders of 11 kV.

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 Protection of Substation

Introduction
• If the fault occurs on any part of electric
power systems, it is necessary that it may be
removed as quickly as possible in order to
avoid damage to rest of the system.
Commonly protection is divided into two
types
• Primary Protection
• Secondary Protection
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 Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Primary Protection

• It is the protection scheme, which is designed to

protect the component parts of the power system.
• If a fault occurs on any line, it will be cleared by its
relay and circuit breaker. This forms the primary or
main protection and serves as the first line of defense.
• Service Record is very High i.e. > 90% of the Over all
Protection

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Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Primary
Protection

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 Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Secondary Protection
• It is the second line of defense in case of failure of the
primary protection. It is designed to operate with
sufficient time delay so the primary relaying will be
given enough time to function if it is able to.
• When this protection works large portion of the
Substation is Shutdown.
• Enough time is given to the Primary Protection for
functioning if it is able to.

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Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Secondary/Backup
Protection

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 Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Protection Against Lightning

(Against Direct lightning Earthing
stroke) Screen

Overhead
Guard Wires

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 Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Protection Against Lightning(Against Traveling Waves)

Lightning
Arrestor

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 Protection of Substation (Cont…)

Feeder Protection & Differential Protection

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 Circuit Breaker

Introduction
•A circuit breaker is an automatically
operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
• A circuit breaker is a switching and circuit interrupting
device
• Switching on and off during normal operation for
maintenance etc.
• Switching during abnormal conditions-short circuits,
earthing etc. to protect the associated equipment 18
 Circuit Breaker (Cont…)

Features of Circuit Breaker

• Lengthening / deflection of the arc.

• Intensive cooling (in jet chambers).
• Division into partial arcs.
• Zero point quenching (Contacts open at the zero current time
crossing of the AC waveform, effectively breaking no load
current at the time of opening. The zero crossing occurs at
twice the line frequency i.e. 100 times per second for 50Hz and
120 times per second for 60Hz AC).

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 Circuit Breaker (Cont…)

Types of Circuit Breaker

• Oil circuit breaker

• Air Circuit Breaker
• Air-blast Circuit Breaker
• Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• Sulpher Hexa Flouride (SF6) Circuit Breakers
• O.C.B , V.C.B & SF6 are installed at Shahdadpur
Substation.

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 Protective Relays

Introduction

• A protective relay is a complex electromechanical

apparatus, often with more than one coil, designed to
calculate operating conditions on an electrical circuit and
trip circuit breakers when a fault is detected
• It is a sensing device which sense the abnormal condition
by comparing new values with the pre-selected values
and send massage to Circuit Breaker for operation.

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 Protective Relays (Cont…)

Features

• Selectivity
• Sensitivity
• Speed
• Reliability
• Simplicity
• Economy

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 Protective Relays (Cont…)

Types of Relays

• Buchholz Relay
• Differential Relay
• Induction Type Over Current Relay
• Impedance Relays
• Induction Type Directional Power Relay

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Protective Relays (Cont…)

Buchholz Relay
• Buchholz relay is a gas-
actuated relay installed
in oil-immersed
transformers for
protection against all
kind of faults. It is used
to give an alarm in case of
slow developing faults or
incipient faults in the
transformer and to
disconnect the
transformer from the
supply in the event of
severe internal faults
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 Maintenance of the Substation

Introduction
Instruction regarding maintenance of grid station equipment be carried out in order
ensure the
trouble free operation of the system

• Circuit Breaker
• Current Transformer
• Potential Transformer
• Bus Bar
• Lightning Arrestor
• Power Cable

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Maintenance of the Substation (Cont…)

Introduction
Instruction regarding maintenance of grid station equipment be carried out in order
ensure the
trouble free operation of the system

• Power Transformer
• Electrical Energy Storage Battery
• Battery Charger
• Protection
• Capacitors
• Earthing System
• Control Cables
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