Engineering Graphics

• Language of Engineers.
• Easy to communicate as human phycology to interpret symbols.
like traffic, computer applications( copy, pest, ….)
• Why learning EG? Commonly used in society for creation of any
products. Like carpenter, Builiding, mechanical components,…..
Instruments required for Engineering Drawing
• Sketch book & Drawing sheets
• Pensile soft 8B, 7B,…,B,HB, F, H, 2H, 3H,……..10H hardest.
• Good erasers.
• Mini Drafter or T-square.
• Set squares.
• Roller Scale
• Clips,
• Good compass & instruments.
• Circle Master
Drawing sheet layout
• A2 size 420 X 594 (420* 2)
• A3 Size 297 X 420
Title Block
• Lettering
Lettering is used for writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, scales and
other details on a drawing. Typical lettering features used for engineering
drawing
• The Indian standard followed for lettering is BIS: 9609
• Single stroke does not mean – entire letter written without lifting the
pencil/pen
• Lettering types generally used for creating a drawing are
Lettering A – Height of the capital letter is divided into 14 equal parts
Lettering B – Height of the capital letter is divided into 10 equal parts
Types of Lines
Dimension
• Dimension line
• Extension line
• Arrowhead
• Leader line
• Each feature is dimensioned and positioned only once.
• Each feature is dimensioned and positioned where its shape shows.
• Size dimensions – give the size of the component.
Basic Dimensioning
• Dimensions allow a part to be manufactured
• Dimensions are ALWAYS in real world units
• Dimensions should be applied in a concise, coherent manner

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Dimension Terminology:
DIMENSION LINE EXTENSION LINE
3.00 ARROWHEAD
1.80
EXTENSION LINE:
.80
.90 EXTENSION
1.00 GAP
LEADER

2.00

1.20
1.00

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 Extension lines
Extension lines
should be offset
from the part by
one half the text
height and should
extend one text
height beyond the
dimension line

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 The first row of
Dimension Spacing dimensions must be
a minimum of 3 text
heights away from
the part.
Any dimensions
beyond it must be a
minimum of 2 text
heights apart

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Arrowheads:
Should be 3 times longer than they are wide.

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Dimensioning
• Aline Method &
• Unidirectional Method
Dimensioning Rules
• Avoid placing any dimensions on the
part (inside the view) unless there is
no other option.
• Avoid dimensioning to hidden features
• Always place the dimension where the
characteristic shape is shown in the
most descriptive view. (This means
don’t place a dimension on object
lines making a “T joint”.)
• Always dimension holes in their
circular view by stating the diameter
of drilled holes. Specify the hole
depth of special features such as
countersinking with a note following
the dimension.
• Dimension rounded corners and arc
features as radii where they appear in
their rounded views.
• If the same value is repeated many
times, then use a general note for the
features.
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• Dimension cylindrical objects as
diameters in their rectangular view.
• Always place the first row of
dimensions a minimum distance of 3
text heights away from the edge of the
part. Additional stacks can be a
minimum of 2 text heights away from
each other.
• Keep dimensions between the views
whenever possible
• Extension lines may cross each other
and over other lines on the part, but
dimension lines should never be
crossed.
• The overall dimension should always
be given. It should be placed outside
of smaller dimensions and be the
furtherest dimension from the part.
Dimensioning Rules
• Do not duplicate dimensions and avoid
using unnecessary or superfluous
dimensions
• When all of the dimensions are
expressed in inches, do not use inch
mark (“) or the abbreviation for inches
(in.)
• For drawings dimensioned in inches,
values less that one inch should not be
preceded with a zero.
• For metric drawings, omit the use of
the millimeter (mm) notation
following the numeral, as millimeters
are the default units.
• The origin for baseline or ordinate
dimensions used as a datum should be
extended from a finished edge of the
part.
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• Conserve space and time by using
abbreviations and standardized
symbols whenever possible.
• Reference dimensions should be
placed in parentheses or should
include the abbreviation “REF”.
• Basic sizes (to be toleranced) should
be placed inside a rectangular box
• Extend leaders from the first of last
word in a note. Point them toward the
center of circular features that they
are specifying.
• Place dimensions among the various
views to avoid crowding. Stagger
horizontal dimensions to avoid contact
or crowding of values.
1. Avoid placing dimensions on the part (inside of the view).

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2. Avoid dimensioning to hidden features

There is one
exception:……
When the hidden
line is a finished
(√) surface

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3. Always place dimensions where the characteristic shape is
shown in the most descriptive view

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4. Always dimension holes in their circular view with the Ø. Specify
special features (hole types) with a note.

Also:
Remember to
locate hole
position with
ordinate
dimensions to
hole centers

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5. Dimension rounded corners and arc features as radii where they
appear in their rounded view.

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6. If the same value is repeated many times, then use a general note for
the feature.
(ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS ARE .125R)

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7. Dimension cylinders in their rectangular view with a diameter
symbol….Ø.

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8. Place the first row of dimensions 3 text heights (3/8 ”or 10 mm)
away from the edge of the part.
Additional stacks
of dimensions can
be a minimum of
two text heights
(1/4 ”or 6 mm)
away from each
other

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9. Keep dimensions between views whenever possible .

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10. Extension lines may cross each other and over other lines on
the part, but dimension lines should never be crossed. (Hint no
“arrow-headed” lines can cross “arrow-headed” lines)

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11. The overall dimension should always be given. It should be placed
outside of smaller dimensions and be the farthest from the part.

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12. Do not duplicate dimensions and avoid using
unnecessary or superfluous dimensions

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13. When all of the dimensions are expressed as inches. DO
NOT use inch marks ('') or the abbreviation (.in)

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14. For drawings dimensioned in inches, values less than 1 inch
should not be proceeded with a zero.

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15. For metric dimensions less than 1 mm DO place a
zero in front of the decimal point.

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16. For metric drawings, omit the use of the
millimeter (mm) notation following the numeral, as
millimeters are the default units.

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17. The origin for baseline or ordinate dimensions
used as a datum should be extended from a finished
edge  of the part.

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18. Conserve space and time by using abbreviations and
standardized symbols whenever possible.

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19. Reference dimensions should be placed in
parenthesis or should include the abbreviation
“REF”. Basic sizes (to be toleranced) should be
placed inside of a rectangular box

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20. Extend leaders from the first or last word in a
note. Point them toward (but not touch) the center
of the circular features that they are specifying.

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21. Place dimensions among the various views to
avoid crowding. Stagger horizontal dimensions to
avoid contact or crowding of the values

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Angular features:
Dimension angular features with either:
X,Y coordinate location or Vertex location & degrees

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A short review on Dimension “elements”
•What is…
•an Extension line ?
•an Extension line gap ?
•an Extension line extension ?
•a Dimension line ?
•a Dimension numeral ?
•a leader ?
•When are…
•Decimals used ? Not used ?
•Unit designators (in. or mm) listed on dimension
lines ?
•What size…
•Is an Arrowhead ?
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Spotfaced holes:
No depth required. Cleans an uneven surface deep enough
to allow full contact with bolt or washer.

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Counterbore holes
Require both a diameter and a depth dimension.

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Counterdrilled holes:
Require both a diameter and a depth dimension. (measured
to the shoulder).

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Countersunk holes:

Used with flat head

screws and bolts. They
become flush when
tightened. Used
extensively in the
aerospace industry. The
82 angle is common for
cutting tools and screw
threads

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Chamfers:

Break away sharp edges

and help guide the part
into a mating assembly.
May be specified with one
distance and one angle, or
with two distances.

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Necks:

Necks are
used for “O”
ring seals,
parts turned
on lathes,
and designed
failure points

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Knurls:
Knurling is a
process of rolling
patterns onto
cylindrical
objects to make
them easier to
grip.

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Dimensioning in small places

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Repetitive features

A combination of
dimensioning & notes
is used. A number in
parenthesis indicates
how many are
required. The word
TYPICAL (or TYP)
indicates that all
shown are the same.

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SI symbol
When dimensions on the
drawing are all stated in
millimeters, place an SI
symbol near the title
block.

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SI symbol:
1st vs 3rd angle projection.

Metric Units and Metric Units and

3rd angle projection 1st angle projection

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Dimensioning Errors:
• What is wrong with:

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Dimensioning Errors:
• What is wrong with:

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Dimensioning Errors:
• What is wrong with:

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Dimensioning Errors:
• What is wrong with:

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