Marjito, S.S., M.

Pd
(Kandidat Doktor UPI)
0813 20 792 604, marjitompd@yahoo.co.id
Perumahan Gading Junti Asri Blok X1/ 14 Katapang Bandung
 to be

are N : adalah
am Adj. : TMA
S + is + Adverb of Place : ada/ berada
was V- ing : sedang (me)
were to infinitive : Harus
V3 : di
being + V3 : sedang di
1. The main memory of a computer is also called
the ‘immediate access store’
2. She is a professional programmer.
3. E-mail also can be used to send to individuals or
groups while making sure that these
announcements are being read
4. She was uploading the data when I was there
5. I am to fix your pc right now because it is out of
order.
6. A person performing the wholesale trade is called
a 'wholesaler'
7. My file was deleted yesterday
8. The computer can bring support to the learning
strategies acquired by students.
 She didn’t go to the office this morning
 He never helps me.
 They decided to leave the place yesterday.
 Are noun
 Am adj.
 Is +S+ adverb of place+(O) + ? Apakah … berada
 Were to infinitive: apakah … harus
 Was V-ing: apakah … sedang me
V3 : apakah ….di …

being + V3: sedang … di

1. Are you an analist?
2. Is your mother at home now?
3. Are they to take English course?
4. Are you writing a paper?
5. Were you interviewed yesterday?
6. were you being interviewed when I was at your office?
 Do
 Does + S + Verb1+ O + Adverb + ?
 Did

 Example:
 Did you take my blood sample yesterday?
 Does she go to the office everyday?
 Do you come from Jakarta?
 When (n)
 Where are adj.
 Why am adverb
 Who + is + S + v-ing +?
 How was to infinitive
 What (n) were V3
 Which (n) being + V3
 Whose (n)
 How long
1. What are you?
2. How are you to day?
3. Why were you late the last Tuesday?
4. What are you doing now?
5. When are they to check out?
6. Who was sent to the jail?
7. why is she being interviewed now?
 When
 Where
 Why
 how + do, does, did+ S +V1 + (O) + (adverb)+?
 What (n)
 Which (n)
 Who + V1(s/es)/ V2
1. What do you think of this program?
2. How do you come here?
3. Which book do you like best?
4. Where do you come from?
5. Who held the meeting the last week?
6. What subject does she take?
 shall/ will N: akan menjadi
S + can + be + Adj.: TMA
must A of P: harus berada
V3: harus di
1. I shall be there right now.
2. New information can be uploaded as quickly as it can be keyed into the
correct format, producing instructional materials that may be years
ahead of textbooks
3. The role of the teacher will be different from that of a simple
holder and provider of knowledge; the teacher will become
the students' guide
4. One of my friends must be here now. My pc will be fixed as
soon as possible
5. Computers do not provide the sense of cooperation that can
be found in a class with a teacher.
6. The RAM capacity can be sometimes expanded by adding extra
chips.
 Noun : mempunyai
S + have, has + V3 : telah/ sudah (me)
to + V1 : harus
Example:
1. I have two computers.
2. Ishell has fixed my pc.
3. Hably has to repair my pc.
4. Undisciplined students have problems working with computers.
5. Remember that computers and other equipment are just tools, and
you have to make them work for you, not against you
 N : telah menjadi
Adj. : TMA
S + have, has + been + A of P : tlh/sdh berada
V3 : tlh di/ sdh di
V-ing : tlh/ sdg (me)

1. She has been a teacher for two years.

2. They have been here since 2009.
3. My pc has been fixed
4. I have been teaching computer for three years.
 Kata benda
You must keep staff motivated, especially when
things get difficult.
 Bentuk ………ING (ing form)
Analyzing the financial report should be
performed monthly.
 To infinitive
To analyze the financial report need two hours.
 There
There are options given.
 IT
It is difficult time to sell new product.
 S + are, am, is, was, were + Verb 3+ (by) + Object :di
di
The old machine was repaired by one of my staffs the last week
 S+ are, am, is, was, were + being + Verb 3 + (by) + O: sedang di.
Sedang di
New policy is being discussed by them now
 S+ have, has + been + Verb 3 + (by) + Object : telah/ sudah di
telah/ sudah di …….
New products have been sold by the marketing manager
S+ shall, will, should , would+ be+ Verb 3 + (by) + O : akan di
akan di ……….
These goods shall be delivered by them by the end of this month
 S + is, are, was, were + going + to be + V3 + (by): akan di
akan di
These product are going to be delivered the next Monday.
 S + can, could+ be + Verb 3+ (by) + O : dapat di
dapat di …..
New style of marketing strategy can be created
 S + must + be + Verb 3 + (by) + O : harus di ……
harus di ……
These goods must be distributed through the world.
 Are, am, is, was, were + S+ Verb3 + (by) + O + ?: apakah …di
apakah … di
Was the meeting closed yesterday?
 Shall/will akankah …. di
 Can + S + be+ Verb 3 +(by)+ O+? : dapatkah …. di
 Must haruskah … di
 Shall new product be produced by our company
 When
 Where
 Why
 how + are, am, is + S +V3 +(by) + (O) +?
 What (n) was, were
 Which+n
 Who + are, am, is + V3 + (by) + (o) + ?
 Who was interviewed yesterday?
 Where is your file saved?
 When is the meeting held?
 How are you admired by him?
 Will, shall
Can
 Wh2 + must + S + be + V3 + (by) + (O) + ?
Should

Where will you be interviewed?

How can it be approved?
Who must be interviewed?
1. Tingkat positive: as_____ as : se
2. Tingkat lebih
 satu atau dua suku kata tambahlah ___ er dan
jika dibandingkan tambahlan than ____.
 lebih dari 2 suku kata tambahlah more____
dan jika dibandingkan tambahlah than ______.
3. Tingkat Paling
 satu atau dua suku kata tambahlah the _____
est _____ of/ in_____.
 lebih dari dua suku kata, tambahlah The most
_____ of/ in _________ .
 Kekecualian, good better the best
1. Heni is as tall as Ani and Ani is shorter
than Maska, so Maska is the tallest of them
(Ani and Heni.)
2. The red one is as important as the blue one.
3. The red one is more important than the
blue one.
4. The most important one is how to solve our
problem
5. It is better to call now
People + that, who, + are, am, is , was, were +V3 : orang yang dI
People + that, who, which + has, have + been+V3 : orang yang telah di
People + that, who, which + shall, will, can, must + be +V3 : orang yang akan di

People + that, who, + V1/ V2 : orang yang (me)

People + whom+ S: orang yang

Something + that, which + are, am, is, was, were +V3 : benda yang di
Something + that, which + have, has + been+V3 : benda yang telah di
Something + that, which + are, am, is, was, were + ket. Tempat: benda yang
berada

The woman who was dismissed is my friend.

The goods which have been sent to Jakarta are broken.
She is the only mother whom I love.
1. don’t know where she lives.
2. I couldn’t hear what he said.
3. Do you know when they arrive?
4. I don’t know who she is.
5. I wonder whose house that is.
6. I don’t know whether/if she will come.
7. I think that he is a good teacher.
 Noun pe … an, ke … an

Explain ion explanation

Develop ment development
accept ance/ ce acceptance
Difficult ty difficulty
careless ness carelessness
member ship membership
 Adj. Berkenaan dgn

technology al technological
care less careless
spirit full spiritfull
differ ent different
accept able acceptable
Act ive active
1. Technological development is often described
as technological revolution.
2. As an active sales man, he always has many
activities, if not, he will be hopeless and
finally, he will be careless action”.
3. Her financial adviser is convinced the project will
be a success.
4. I am looking for temporary employment during
holidays.
1. Proposal Anda tidak bisa diterima karena tidak
memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan oleh
pemimpin projek. Your proposal is unacceptable
because it doesn’t meet the requirements as fixed by
2. Daerah indusri ditetapkan di pinggiran kota sedangan
daerah pendidikan dilokasikan di kota. Industrial area
is fixed in the suburb and educational are is allocated
in the city
3. Seandainya, Anda diterima di perusahaan ini, lalu ada
perusahaan lain menawarkan gaji yang libih menarik
dan lebih besar, apakah anda mau pindah atau
tidak?Jika begitu, mengapa? Suppose, you are
appointed then there is another company which offer
more attractive and higher salary, will you take it or
not? If so, why?
4. Suppose, appoint, offer, attractive, high
 Ada pelanggan kita yang kecewa bahwa
komputer yang dikirim oleh Hably rusak.
Dia meminta komputer itu harus diganti.
Sebenarnya, komputer itu telah dicek sebelum
dikirm karena saya berada disana dan
melihat sendiri pada waktu itu. Komputer
itu merupakan kompter yang terbaik dan
terbaru dan harganya lebih murah dibanding
dengan yang lain.
1. Mengapa anda datang terlambat kemarin?
2. Dimana anda menyimpan kunci saya?
3. Seberapa sering anda mengecek laporan keuangan?
4. Yang mana yang akan anda beli?
5. file siapa yang berada di atas meja itu?
6. Berapa lama anda akan tinggal di Jakarata?
7. Kapan mereka meneyelesaikan tugasnya?
8. Bagaiman anda bisa memperbaiki laporan keuangan itu
jika tidak belajar?
9. Mereka telah menyerahkan laporan bulannan.
10. Dia harus berada di kantor besok pagi.
11. Bisakah anda menganalisa laporan keuangan setiap bulan?
12. Apakah mereka membuat kesalahan dalam membuat
laporan?
13. Apakah dia tidak hadir di pertemuan kemarin?
14. Apakah anda dtanya kemarin?
1. Proposal Anda tidak bisa diterima karena tidak
memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan oleh
pemimpin projek.
2. Daerah indusri ditetapkan di pinggiran kota
sedangan daerah pendidikan dilokasikan di kota.
3. Bantuan keuangan yang menarik akan membantu
pemerintah dalam mengatasi harga barang yang
tidak stabil.
4. Seandainya, Anda diterima di perusahaan ini, lalu
ada perusahaan lain menawarkan gaji yang libih
menarik dan lebih besar, apakah anda mau pindah
atau tidak?Jika begitu, mengapa? Suppose, you are
appointed in ths company, then there I another
company that offer more attractive and higher
salary, will you take it or not? If so, why
1. Laporan ini harus diserahkan kepada pimpinan secepat mungkin.
2. Barang-barang ini telah dipak dan dicek sebelum dikirim.
3. Pesanan anda ditolak karena anda tidak memberi uang muka.
4. Apakah product ini diexport ke Jepang?
5. Haruskah pertemuan dibatalkan karena pimpinan kita tidak
hadir?
6. Barang ini akan dikirim ke mana?
7. Siapa yang akan diijinkan untuk meninggalkan pertemuan?
8. Mengapa tawaran kita ditolak?
9. Dimana data-data itu disimpan?
10. Seberapa sering kesesuaian laporan dicek kembali dibersihkan?
11. Where are the applicants interviewed?
12. Where were the applicants interviewed yesterday?
13. Who will be dismissed?
14. Which one is going to be exported?
15. When were these items delivered?
16. what kinds of regulations will be applied?

 Independent Clause: an independent clause is
a complete sentence. It contains the main
subject and verb of a sentence
 Dependent clause is not complete sentence. It
must be connected to independent clause
 Adjective clause is a dependent clause that
modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or
gives further information a bout noun
(relative clause)
 A clause is a group of words containing a
subject and a verb
She lives in Jakarta (IC)
Where does she live? (IC)
Where she lives. (DC)
I know where she lives
IC DC

I know his story

NP
I heard what he said
NC
NC beginning with a question word
Who lives there? I don’t know who lives there.
S V S V

Who is she? I don’t know who she is.

V S S V
1. NC beginning with a question word.
Where does she live? I don’t know where she lives.
1. NC beginning with WHETHER OF IF
Will she come? I don’t know whether/ if she will
come.
1. Question words followed by infinitives
I don’t know what I should do
I don’t know what to do
Jim told us where we could find it.
Jim told us where to find it.
1. NC beginning with THAT
He is a good actor. I think that he
1. I don’t know where she lives.
2. I couldn’t hear what he said.
3. Do you know when they arrive?
4. I don’t know who she is.
5. I wonder whose house that is.
6. What she said surprised me.
7. I don’t know whether/if she will come.
8. I think that he is a good programmer.
 …. either …. or ……….
 …. neither …. nor ……
 …..not only …. but also ….
 …… both ….. and ….

1. Both the teacher and the student are here

2. I enjoy reading not only A but also B.
3. He likes neither coffee nor milk
4. Either Omar or Rosa has my book.
5. Ron enjoys horse back riding. Bob enjoys horse back riding
 + s + AV + too
So + AV + S
She is smart and I am too
She is smart and so am I

_ S + AV (-) + Either
Neither + AV (+) + S
She didn’t go to the Market and They didn’t either
She didn’t go to the Market and neither did they

Two of my friends never come on time dan juga Dia

1. Saya tidak menemukan orang orang yang menarik ketika saya menghadiri
pertemuan.
2. Apakah teori ini bisa diaplikasikan sebelum disetujui oleh 2/3 anggota.
3. Saya sudah berada di sini selama dua jam, tetapi saya belum dipanggil.
4. Saya baru saja tiba di rumah, Hably menelpon ku.
5. Semua mahasiswa akan diwawancarai secepatnya ketika telah
menyerahkan makalahnya
6. Yang mana yang lebih murah, lebih bagus, dan lebih nyaman.
7. Saya tidak ingat dimana file anda berada.
8. jika saya belajar giat, saya pasti lulus (kenyataanya tidak belajar dan tidak
lulus)
9. Ada tiga cara yang terbaik untuk menjadi penjual: (1) anda harus selalu
tersenyum setiap ada pembeli dan memberi pelayanan yang terbaik, (2)
anda tidak diperkenankan bohong karaena kalau anda bohong, pembeli
tidak akan percaya selamanya, dan (3) anda harus mengatakan dengan
jujur apakah barang akan dijual bagus atau tidak.
10.
1. When Hably was (run fast), he (see) his fiancé crossed the road.
2. It is the (long) film that I (to be) ever seen
3. I didn’t realize that our conversation (to be) (record) by someone.
4. ( to be) your report analyzed the last two weeks?
5. I don’t know where your house (to be).
6. She has been (wait) for two hour but he (to be not) come yet
7. When Jhon is riding motor cycle, he saw me crossing the road.
8. These goods have been checked before been sent to the customers.
9. She hasn’t finished the assignment , and neither I do
10. I enjoy not only reading novels but magazine also
11. He would answer the phone if she (be) in her office right now.
12. I don’t know does Tom know about the meeting or not.
13. My young son wants to know where do the stars go in the day time.
14. I have already finished my job when she came.
1. After finish the research, I find that there was mistakes performed by
the students in completed the final exam. If they had had already
learn hard, they would passed the exam. It was believed that when
the teacher explained, they weren’t pay attention. Finally, they fell not
satisfied and the teacher is too. Solve this problem, the students, who
doesn’t study seriously, has to be punished by read aloud and repeat
the lesson given.

2. I had ever writing assignment to improve, it seems they didn’t fully

do improve. I don’t really understand what do they want. Do they
neither learn or repeat the lesson given? It is good to remind them
than to give home assign. Do we unanimous? Is there any the best way
can be applied?

3. I am realize, it take much time to change the students behavior since

keeping their ways to learn grammar. It is, sometimes, unaccepted
because endless reasons. However, I proud of you.
1. saya bersi kukuh dengan pendapat saya, karena
sebelum mengambil keputusan, saya
mempertimbangkan dulu, bertanya pada teman,
dan meminta saran dari orang yang yang
berpengalaman. Oleh karena itu, apapun
keputusan saya, itu keputusan final.

2. Ada beberapa cara dalam mengambil keputusan,

sebagian mengambil keputusan dengan lebih
cepat dan sebagian lagi mengambil keputusan
dengan memakan waktu lebih dari seminggu. Hal
ini dimaksudkan agar keputusan yang telah dia
ambil tidak akan berisiko.
1. Saya tidak menemukan orang orang yang menarik
ketika saya menghadiri pestemu.
2. Apakah barang-barang ini telah dicek sebelum
dikirim.
3. Saya sudah berada di sini selama dua jam, tetapi
saya belum dipanggil.
4. Saya baru saja tiba di rumah, Hably menelpon ku.
5. Semua mahasiswa akan diwawancarai secepatnya.
6. Yang mana yang lebih murah?
7. Saya tidak ingat dimana file anda berada.
8. jika saya belajar giat, saya pasti lulus
1. Don’t start (try) (learn) geometry before you have finished (learn)
2. (do) simple things in arithmetic.
3. We can’t consider (buy) a new house before (sell) the old one.
4. All of my friends were (surprise) that he didn’t fail the TOEFL test
5. When Hably was (run fast), he (see) his fiancé crossed the road.
6. It is the (long) film that I (to be) ever seen
7. If she have had the breakfast, she would ( to be) spiritless
8. I didn’t realize that our conversation (to be) (record) by someone.
9. (to be) your report analyzed the last two weeks?
10. She has been (wait) for two hour but he (to be not) come yet.
1. The used computers motivate students to learn.
2. Videos, pictures, and sound presented by computers stimulate sight
and hearing simultaneously in a way traditional resources do not.
3. Computers can help train students to become more independent
learners.
4. Using computers to learn English can help learners to become more
disciplined.
5. The computer can bring support to the learning strategies acquired by
students.
6. Teachers’ responsibilities include giving students the strategies they
need for working on their own.
7. Computers with CD-ROM may provide considerable input and a wide
variety of registers and accents.
8. The input computers can provide may facilitate the formulation of
ideas.
9. Computers provide access to authentic materials and audiences
around the world through the Internet.
10. A computer enhanced environment may encourage language
acquisition.
1. Some students and teachers are discouraged by computers.
2. Many students and teachers reject a change from the
traditional classes.
3. It is very difficult for some students to get used to being
independent learners.
4. Undisciplined students have problems working with
computers.
5. Computers do not provide some important features of real
communicative exchanges.
6. Computers are machines and they need maintenance,
something which may require interruptions to class or study
time.
7. Computers do not provide the sense of cooperation that can
be found in a class with a teacher.

1. Remember that computers and other equipment are just tools, and you have to make
them work for you, not against you.
2. Do not feel satisfied with the materials that commercial software may provide; create
your own materials. These can be based on the software.
3. Motivate students by using computer games for which you have prepared class work
materials.
4. Create materials for work with the computer which are also related to the teacher-led
sessions.
5. Make schedules flexible enough as to accommodate individual or small group sessions
with the computer.
6. Think of the combination of teacher-led classes and computer sessions that best suit
your needs.
7. Design your own computer oriented tasks for the development of language skills .
1. Direct students to the objectives you want them to achieve (these may not necessarily
be the same objectives of the software program).
2. Use Internet accessibility and create writing and speaking tasks for your students
using this computer resource.
3. The World Wide Web contains millions of pages you can use to produce reading tasks.
Use it to help encourage your EFL students to learn about a wide variety of cultures
and topics.
4. You may also design reading tasks using any CD-ROM encyclopedia or program that
contains hypertext.
5. Encourage your students to use their intellectual potential by assigning them
computer tasks such as looking for information in databases, that will make them
think and use English.
6. Encourage them to use word processors and their applications such as spelling and
grammar checkers.
7. In order to give a sense of purpose to what your students are going to write, have
them write and send real e-mail and faxes: this will provide them with a real sense of
communication.
8. Make use of web pages or CD interactive programs to generate discussions. Topics
can be as varied as your and your students' imagination can get, and as interesting as
your searches through the Internet are.
9.
10.
 Electronic Mail
 Electronic mail (e-mail) offers teachers and trainers numerous advantages.
Email has become indispensable in facilitating day-to-day student-instructor
and students-student communication and is greatly facilitating the
management of teaching. E-mail can minimize the number of face-to-face
meetings with students, freeing both students and the instructor to
communicate anytime from anywhere without the need to schedule physical
meetings. E-mail also can be used to send announcements/messages to
individuals or groups while making sure that these announcements are being
read. Email can enhance delivery of learning material and supporting
documents in a speedy and convenient way, eliminating much of the physical
paperwork and time delay. All of this can lead to reduction in teaching time
and more efficient management of the teaching/training process. The review
data reported application of the e-mail utilization in a large number of
disciplines. Applications include writing as a way of reflection, teaching
English as a
 second language, and using e-mail as a forum for argumentative interaction
in teaching sociology of education.

Ada beberapa langkah yang harus dipenuhi
jika kita akan membuat program sistem
informasi karyawan di PT. Maskatex. Adapun
langkah-langkah tersebut sebagai berikut: (a)
mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pengguna, (b)
mendesain program, (c) mengimplementasikan
design program, (d) menguji implementasi, dan
(e) perawatan system. Dari beberapa langkah
yang disebutkan di atas, tahap mendesain
program merupakan tahap yang paling sulit
diantara tahap-tahap yang lain
1. Provide documentation of the program
2. Understand the problem and plan the
solution
3. Test and correct the program
4. Make a flowchart of the program
5. Write the instructions in coded form and
6. compile the program
.
Software peripheral device MONITOR
Floppy disk HARDWARE INPUT
OUTPUT Central Processing Unit Port

1. The brain of the computer

2. Physical parts that make you up a computer system.
3. Program which can be used on a particular computer system.
4. The information which is presented to the computer.
5. Results produced by a computer.
6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.
7. Visual display unit.
8. Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’.
9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/ output device
may be connected.