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FORM 4
kg ms-1
unit = kgms-1
Concept of Linear Momentum
Momentum increases when ……
(a) the mass increases
(b) the velocity increases
(c) both of the mass and velocity increase.
Momentum, p = mass x velocity
Solution
(a) Momentum of trolley A = mv
= 2kg x 3ms-1
= 6 kgms-1 (Ns)
(b) Momentum of trolley B = mv
= 2kg x (-2ms-1)
= - 4 kgms-1 (Ns)
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
( Prinsip Keabadiaan Momentum)
The study of the concept of momentum is important for
predicting the motion of an object after the occurrence of
a collision (perlanggaran).
The principle of conservation of momentum states that
the total linear momentum of a closed system of bodies
is constant.
This means that the total momentum before the collision
is equal to the total momentum after the collision, if no
external forces act on the system.
Total momentum = Total momentum
before collision after collision
Type of Collision
There are three types of collision in the study of momentum,
i.e.
(a) elastic collision,
(b) inelastic collision,
(c) explosion.
An inelastic collision is a collision where the two colliding
objects stick together after colliding. An inelastic collision
occurs when a lump of plasticine hits the floor without
bouncing.
An elastic collision is a collision where the two colliding
objects separate after colliding. An elastic collision occurs
when a rubber ball is dropped and bounces after hitting the
floor.
Type of Collision
Inelastic collision
Elastic collision
The differences between elastic collision.
inelastic collision and explosion
m1u1+m2u2 = m1v1+m2v2
The differences between elastic collision.
inelastic collision and explosion
m1u1+m2u2 = (m1+m2)v
The differences between elastic collision.
inelastic collision and explosion
Elastic
collision
Inelastic
collision
Explosion
collision
Example 2
The balloon will glide forward when the air is released at the hack.
The balloon will move forward with a momentum of the same
magnitude as the momentum of the gas released at the back.
Applications of Conservation of Momentum
Rocket
Solution
Solution
Total initial momentum = 0
Total momentum after the bullet is shot
(m1+ m2)u = m1v1+ m2v2
0 = 1(v) + 0.1(150)
Hence v = -15 ms-1
The negative sign indicates that the gun moves in the
direction opposite to that of the movement of the bullet.
Example 7
A trolley of mass 4 kg moves at 3 m s-1 and collides with a
trolley of mass 2 kg which is moving in the opposite direction
at 1 ms-1. After the collision. both trolleys move together with
the same velocity. What is the velocity?
Solution
From the principle of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+ m2u2 = (m1+ m2)v
(4)(3) + (2)(-1) = (4+2)v
v = 5/3 ms-1
Example 8
Solution
m1 = 1200 kg
m2 = 4800 kg
u1 = ?
u2 = 79.2 kmh-1
= (79.2 x 1000) / (60 x 60)
= 22 ms-1
v = 21.6 kmh-1
= (21.6 x 1000) / (60 x 60)
= 6 ms-1
Example 11
Solution
From the principle of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+ m2u2 = (m1+ m2)v
(1200 x u1) + (4800 x 22) = (1200 + 4800)v
1200u1 = 36000 - 105600
u1 = - 69600 / 1200
u1 = - 58 ms-1
Example 12
A bullet of mass 10 g is fired from a 4 kg rifle with a velocity
of 200 ms-1. Find the recoil velocity of the rifle.
Solution
m1 = 4 kg v1 = recoil velocity
m2= 10 g = 0.01 kg v2 = 200 ms-1
m1v1 = m2v2
4v1 = 0.01(200)
= 0.5 ms-1
Example 13