Three Dimensional Display Methods

In the 2D system, we use only two coordinates X

and Y but in 3D, an extra coordinate Z is added.
3D graphics techniques and their application are
fundamental to the entertainment, games, and
computer-aided design industries.
3D computer graphics (in contrast to 2D
computer graphics) are graphics that utilize a
three-dimensional representation of geometric
data that is stored in the computer for the
purposes of performing calculations and rendering
2D images.
 Three Dimensional Display Methods
In computer graphics software, the distinction between 2D
and 3D is occasionally blurred;
Applications may use 3D techniques to achieve effects
such as lighting, and primarily 3D may use 2D rendering
techniques.
3D computer graphics are often referred to as 3D models.
A 3D model is the mathematical representation of any
three-dimensional object.
 A model is not technically a graphic until it is visually
displayed.
A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional
image through a process called 3D rendering, or used in
non-graphical computer simulations and calculations.
 Three-Dimensional Viewing
Viewing in 3D involves the following considerations: - We
can view an object from any spatial position, eg. In front of
an object,
Behind the object,
In the middle of a group of objects,
 Inside an object, etc.
3D descriptions of objects must be projected onto the flat
viewing surface of the output device. –
The clipping boundaries enclose a volume of space.
 General 3D Concepts
Taking 2D objects and mapping onto a 2D screen is pretty
straightforward.
The window is the same plane as the 2D world. Now we
are taking 3D objects and mapping them onto a 2D screen.
Here is where the advantage of separating the model
world from its rendered image becomes more obvious.
The easiest way to think about converting 3D world into
2D image is the way we do it in real life - with a camera.
In the computer we have a synthetic camera taking still or
moving pictures of a synthetic environment.
While this synthetic camera gives you a much wider range
of options than a real camera, you will find it is VERY easy to
take a picture of nothing at all.
 Projections
Projection is 'formed' on the view plane.
Rays projected from the center of projection pass through
each point of the models and intersect projection plane.
Since everything is synthetic, the projection plane can be in
front of the models, inside the models, or behind the
models.
2 main types: perspective projection and parallel projection.
parallel :
center of projection infinitely far from view plane
projectors will be parallel to each other
need to define the direction of projection (vector)
2 sub-types
orthographic - direction of projection is normal to view plane
oblique - direction of projection not normal to view plane
better for drafting / CAD applications
 Projection
• Converting any 3D object in 2D object is called
projection.
• While converting a 3D object in 2D object the z-
coordinate of the 3D object becomes zero in 2D
object(depth=0).
• P(x,y,z)-> P’(x’,y’)
 Parallel Projection
If all the of the rays of projection are parallel to
each other then we call it parallel projection and if
all the rays are not parallel to each other that is the
projection line converges to a point we call it as
perspective projection.
 Perspective Projection
We see the world in the perspective projection. It
gives the realistic view of the image.