Lesson 4:

Dealing with Personal

Challenges
 Conflict

Settings Plot

Arachne

Characters Theme
Characters:
1.Arachne – the main character of the
story.
2.Athena – a Greek goddess who
disguised herself as an old woman and
cursed Arachne to become a spider.
Settings:
Small village of Hypaepa, which
was a part of the larger kingdom of Lydia.
Lydia, in turn, was part of Anatolia.
Anatolia is now called Turkey. So, the
story takes place somewhere in Turkey.
Conflict:
The story of Arachne has man vs
man/man vs self conflict. Her pride got
into her and her being reckless led her to
her own misery.
Plot:
Exposition-Arachne was a maiden who
became famous in the entire Greece. She
was small and pale from working
Rising Action-Athena came to visit
Arachne. The Goddess, disguised as an old
woman warned her of her ill-manner.
Climax-Unfortunately, the Gods were
offended by the additional images in
Arachne's work. Athena and the viewers
did not take it lightly. In anger, the
Goddess ripped Arachne's tapestries.

Falling Action-Arachne was very sad and

felt humiliated, so she ran into the forest
and hanged herself.
Resolution:
Athena pitied Arachne and
turned her into a spider so she can
continue to weave.
Theme:
Arachne is a story about pride
and human limitation.
Conjunction  Words which connect
words, phrases, clauses or
sentences are
called conjunctions.
There are three basic types
of conjunctions:
 3 Types of Conjunction

 Coordinating Conjunctions
-used to connect two independent clauses
 Subordinating Conjunctions
-used to establish the relationship between the dependent
clause and the rest of the sentence
 Correlative Conjunctions
-used to join various sentence elements which are
grammatically equal
Coordinating  Comes usually in the middle of a
Conjunctions sentence, and a comma is used before
the conjunction (unless both clauses
are very short).
And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet — are the seven coordinating
conjunctions. To remember them, the acronym FANBOYS can
be used.

 F = for
 A = and
 N = nor
 B = but
 O = or
 Y = yet
 S = so
Example Sentences:
 The bowl of squid eyeball stew is hot and delicious.
 The squid eyeball stew is so thick that you can eat it with a fork or spoon.
 Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched but hates getting his claws
trimmed.
 Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door yet adores the German shepherd across the
street.
 Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew.
 I hate to waste a single drop of squid eyeball stew, for it is expensive and time-
consuming to make.
 Even though I added cream to the squid eyeball stew, Rocky ignored his serving, so I
got a spoon and ate it myself.
Subordinating • Also called subordinators,
introduce a dependent clause.
Conjunctions These adverbs that act like
conjunctions are placed at the front
of the clause - and a comma is
needed at the end of the adverbial
phrase when it precedes the main
clause.
Subordinate Conjunctions

after once until

although provided that when
as rather than whenever
because since where
before so that whereas
even if than wherever
even though that whether
if though while
in order that unless why
 Example Sentences:
 1. After dinner, we’ll go see a movie.
 2. Although I’d rather not, I’ll make an exception.
 3. As you know, she’s rather eccentric.
 4.When we’re done, let’s get some ice cream.
 5. Whenever I go, I try to see something I’ve never seen before.
 6. Whether or not you agree, I think it looks fine.
 7. Where I go, they always have sales.
 8. Wherever I go, I try to enjoy myself.
 9. While I’m there, I play music on a jukebox.
 10. How is it that even though you go there all the time, you’ve never noticed
that before?
  They are always used in pairs and
Correlative denote equality; and show the
relationship between ideas expressed
Conjunction in different parts of a sentence - and
thus make the joining tighter and
more emphatic.
Correlative Conjunctions:

 both... and
 either... or
 neither... nor
 whether... or
 not only... but also
 such... that
 scarcely... when
 no sooner... than
Example Sentences:
 The company deals in both hardware and software.
 I will eat either carrots or peas for dinner.
 Natalie, likes neither milk nor cream cake.
 Do you care whether we have noodles or rice for dinner?
 He not only studies hard but also works well.
 It’s such a tiny kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
 Scarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang.
 No sooner did he enter the room than he saw a snake.
Parenthetical Expression:

-A parenthetical expression is a word

or phrase that is unrelated to the rest of the
sentence and interrupts the general flow of
a sentence.
8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases:
1. Absolute phrase: An absolute phrase,
which contains at least a noun or a pronoun
and a participle but not a true verb, modifies
the entire sentence.
2. Appositive: In this case, the parenthetical
is an appositive, a noun or noun phrase
placed in opposition to another such
construction that defines or modifies the first
3. Aside: An aside is a statement that is
subordinated to the sentence, often denoting
an ingratiating or apologetic attitude.
4. Free modifier: A free modifier is an
unspecialized interruption of additional
information
5. Interjection: An interjection imparts
information about the writer’s (or speaker’s)
state of mind, as in this sentence in which the
interjection implies impatience or
indignation.
6. Introductory phrase: This element
preceding the main statement provides
context for the sentence.
7. Resumptive modifier: A resumptive
modifier includes within its additional detail
repetition of an adjective from the sentence
8. Summative modifier: A summative
modifier is one that summarizes an idea
expressed in the sentence and then adds
information about it
Conjunctive Adverb:
A conjunctive adverb connects
two independent clauses or sentences.
Typically, adverbs modify other
words (verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs).
Conjunctive Adverbs

accordingly however nonetheless

also indeed otherwise
besides instead similarly
consequently likewise still
conversely meanwhile subsequently
finally moreover then
furthermore nevertheless therefore
hence next thus
Photo essay

Life is a never-ending challenges it's not easy to

deal with daily challenges, sometimes they fail, sometimes
they succeed. Passing a challenge is a big achievement in life
because it proves that you're strong enough to live in this
world. All people have their own personal challenges, but
they don't have the same way to solve it. Most people
thought about giving up in those challenges. To encourage
people we make a photo essay to serve as a motivation.
"Pandak"

Shane is 15 years old

now, but her height was not
normal for her age, some
will call her 'pandak' but
instead of being hurt, she
use it as a motivation in
life. "This is what God gave
me so I'm thankful for it "
she accepted what God
gave her and that's the
reason why she's strong and
God will always be by her
side.