Lecture 4

Triangles, Classification of
Triangles, Pythagorean
Theorem, Similar Triangles,
Special Right Triangles

PowerPoint Presentation created by

Engr. Paulo E. Tindogan
Trinity University of Asia
Triangle

 Polygon – is a closed plane figure bounded

by three or more straight sides that meet in
pairs in the same number of vertices, and do
not intersect other than at these vertices.
 Triangle - A triangle is a 3-sided polygon.
Every triangle has three sides and three
angles.
Classification of Triangles

 Classification according to number of

congruent sides:
a. Scalene
b. Isosceles
c. Equilateral
 Classification according to angle measure:
a. Acute
b. Right
c. Obtuse
Scalene

 A triangle with three unequal sides

Isosceles

 A triangle with (at least) two equal sides

 It also has two equal angles
Equilateral

 A triangle with all three sides of equal length

 Also called equiangular triangle
Acute

 A triangle in which all three angles are less

than 90°.
Right

 A right triangle is triangle with an angle of 90°.

Obtuse

 An obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one

of the angles is greater than 90°.
Property of Triangles

 The sum of all the interior angles equals 180º

Hypotenuse

 The hypotenuse of a right triangle is the

triangle's longest side, i.e., the side opposite
the right angle.
Pythagorean Theorem

 For a right triangle with legs a and b and

hypotenuse c, a2+b2=c2
Example

Use Pythagorean theorem to solve for the

unknown quantity:
1. a = 8, b = 15, c =?
2. a = ?, b = 4, c = 8
 Applications of Pythagorean
Theorem

1.

2.
 Similar Triangles

 Two triangles are similar if they have the same

shape but not necessarily the same size
A D
E
B

ABC  DEF F
C A  D

B  E AB BC AC
DE = EF = DF
C  F
Similar Triangles
E
PPP Similarity Theorem
A
 3 pairs of proportional sides
9.6
5

B 12 C
F D
4
m AB 5
  1.25 m AC  13  1.25m BC  12  1.25
m DF 4 m DE 10.4 m FE 9.6

ABC  DFE
Similar Triangles

 PAP Similarity Theorem

 2 pairs of proportional sides and
congruent angles between them L
G mGH 5 m HI 7
  0.66   0.66
m LK 7.5 m KJ 10.5

mH = mK
70

H 7 I
70

J K
GHI  LKJ 10.5
Similar Triangles

 AA Similarity Theorem Q
M
 2 pairs of congruent angles

70 50
N O
50 70

P R
mN = mR
mO = mP MNO  QRP
Example

1. Find the missing side lengths for the similar

triangles.
3.2 3.8

54.4 x

42.5
Example

2. Find x and y.
Applications of Similar Triangles

1.

2.
Congruent Triangles

 Two triangles are congruent if they have the

same size and shape
B Y

C Z
A X

~
ΔABC = ΔXYZ
Congruent Triangles

If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three

SSS sides of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are
SAS congruent to the corresponding parts of another
triangle, the triangles are congruent.
If two angles and the included side of one triangle are
ASA congruent to the corresponding parts of another
triangle, the triangles are congruent.
If two angles and the non-included side of one
AAS triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of
another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
If the hypotenuse and leg of one right triangle are
HL congruent to the corresponding parts of another right
triangle, the right triangles are congruent.
Special Right Triangles

 In a 45°-45°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is

√2 times as long as each leg

45
x 2
x
45
x
Special Right Triangles

 In a 30°-60°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is

twice as long as the shorter leg, and the
longer leg is √3 times as long as the shorter
leg

60
2x
x
30

x 3
Special Right Triangles

45  45  90 
1:1: 2

Leg:Leg:Hypotenuse
x: x: x 2
30  60  90 
1: 3:2
x : x 3 : 2x
Short Leg:Long Leg:Hypotenuse
Special Right Triangles

45o – 45o – 90o Triangle

45
2
1
45
1
This is our reference triangle for the 45-
45-90.
Special Right Triangle

30o – 60o – 90o Triangle

60 2
1
30

3
This is our reference triangle for the 30-
60-90 triangle.
Example


Example

3. If the longer leg has length 12 yards, what are

the lengths of the other leg and the hypotenuse?
4. If the hypotenuse has length 8 centimeters,
what are the lengths of the two legs?
 Applications of Special Right
Triangles

1.

2.
END
Seatwork
Seatwork

1.

2.

3.