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LESSON 2
HAZARD MITIGATION
GROUP 2
What does hazard mean?
■Hazards are natural phenomena
that may produce detrimental
effects on human activities.
■It is generally measured in terms of
physical units such as: energy,
shaking strength and depth of water
inundation.
Risks refers to what we stand to lose
when the hazard occurs like
properties or infrastructures, etc.

It can be measured in peso or the

number of fatalities.
 TYPES OF
HAZARDS

METEOROLOGICAL TECTONIC/GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS HAZARDS
 Types of hazards:
■Meteorological Hazards (ex.
typhoons, storm surges, floods,
monsoons and tornadoes)

■Geological Hazards (ex.

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
landslides, tsunamis etc.)
Each hazard is unique in its effects on humans and
environments whether natural or built. Therefore,
each hazard has a unique set of mitigation options.

What does mitigation mean?

Mitigation refers to any sustained effort
undertaken to reduce a hazard’s risk.

Sometimes it is also called prevention or risk

reduction. (Fema, 2010).
 Mitigation done on meteorological hazards
usually includes land use planning, forecasting
and warning and the best adaptation is
community preparedness.
Meanwhile, mitigation implemented for
tectonic hazards include disaster aid, forecasting
and warning. Adaptation measures are the
following: community preparedness, construction
of hazard-resistant design, protection and
insurance.
 4 Basic Steps of Mitigation:

■ Identifying the potential hazard (natural or man-

made)
■ Analysis of vulnerable areas
■ Planning a strategy for hazard mitigation
■ Operational guidelines for implementation of
mitigation strategy.
 The Philippine government made its landmark legislation on disaster
response and risk reduction called REPUBLIC ACT 10121 also known as
the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.

It also adopted the Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management

Framework. This framework serves as a guide to it nationwide operation
which covers disaster risk reduction, mitigation and preparedness before a
disaster event; disaster response, rehabilitation and recovery in the post
event.

This framework is coherent with the internationally agreed Hyogo

Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters with the 5 thematic areas or priorities of action.
 5 Thematic Areas or Priorities of Action:

1. Governance.
Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and
local priority with a strong institutional basis for
implementation.
2. Risk Assessment and Early Warning.
Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and
enhance early warning.
3. Knowledge Management and Education.
Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a
culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
4. Risk Reduction and Vulnerability Reduction.
Reduce the underlying factors.
5. Disaster Preparedness.
Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective
response at all levels.
The leading agency that coordinates all activities
pertaining to disaster planning and mitigation is

National Disaster Coordinating

Council or NDCC

assisted by OFFICE OF THE CIVIL DEFENSE for its

tactical operations so as to properly coordinate the
movement of ground personnel directly involved in alert
and monitoring services, resource mobilization,
response coordination and information management.
 Disaster Coordinating Councils (DCCs)

Were also established to efficiently allocate funds,

services and relief supplies during emergency
preparedness and disaster operations. At the local
government level, the local DCC is led by the governor
or the city mayor.

During major emergencies and disasters in the

Philippines, the government also requests for
international assistance,
Schools and the media sectors also play
a key role in educating Filipino citizens
on hazard mitigation.