PREDICTING PERIODIC

TRENDS
Based on an element’s position in the
periodic table many properties of the
element change in a predictable way,
either down a group or across a period.
PERIODIC TRENDS
 Atomic size or atomic radius
 Ionic size or radius
 Metallic and non-metallic characteristics
 Ionization energy
 Electronegativity
 Electron affinity
ATOMIC SIZE OR ATOMIC RADIUS

 Can be determined only by

measuring the distance
between the nuclei of two
atoms (side by side) and
divide this distance by two.
ATOMIC SIZE OR ATOMIC RADIUS

 Indicates the relative size of

the atom of an element.
 Expressed in picometer (pm),
or angstrom (Å) 1 x 10 -10 m
ATOMIC SIZE OR ATOMIC RADIUS
ATOMIC SIZE OR ATOMIC RADIUS
IONIC SIZE OR RADIUS
refers to the size
 Ionic radius
of an anion or cation.
 Atoms becomes an ion
when they either lose or
gain electrons.
IONIC SIZE OR RADIUS
IONIC SIZE OR RADIUS

 Cations – positively charged

ions. (metals)
 Anions – negatively charged
ions. (non-metals)
IONIC SIZE OR RADIUS
HOW DOES THE ATOMIC
RADIUS OF A NEUTRAL
ATOM DIFFER FROM ITS
IONIC RADIUS?
IONIC SIZE OR RADIUS
 ELECTRON-ELECTRON REPULSION
When electrons are added to the outer
energy level of an atom, the nuclear
charge remains the same. However the
added electrons increase the electron-
electron repulsion, causing anion to
expand.
IONIZATION ENERGY
 the amount of energy it
takes to detach one
electron from a neutral
atom.
IONIZATION ENERGY
IONIZATION ENERGY
ELECTRON AFFINITY (∆𝑬)
 Measure of the energy
change that occurs when
a gaseous atom gains an
electron.
ELECTRON AFFINITY
 Attraction of the atom to an
incoming electron.
 The electron affinity of a
chlorine atom is -349 kJ/mol.
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
A measure of an atom’s
ability to attract
electrons in a chemical
bond.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
the most
 Flourine,
electronegative element,
a value of 3.98 as
assigned by Linus Pauling
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC
CHARACTERISTICS
 Nonmetallic property
increases from top to
bottom.
METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC
CHARACTERISTICS
 Metallic properties of
elements across a period
decrease from left to
right.
METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC
CHARACTERISTICS
METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC
CHARACTERISTICS
PERIODIC TRENDS