Automatic Transfer Switch

by

Mardian Junus
 Emergency Standby Power
Why are They Necessary?
• Electricity is essential to every part of the Installation
• When we lose power
– All equipment will not function except equipment supported by UPS
– Lights go out (Except Emergency Lighting power by Battery Pack)
– Motor will stop (Elevator, Electrical Fire Pump, Exhaust System, Cooling
System)
• When we lose power without Emergency Back Up
system it can caused us to Lose of Income/Opportunity,
a dangerous situation and Possibly life-threatening
situation.
 What Are Important
Components/Equipment In
Emergency Standby Power

• Stand By Generator
• Fire Rated Cables for Fire Fighting Equipment
• Emergency Switchboard to provide power to Equipment
• Automatic Transfer Switch to transfer the power from normal
switchboard to emergency switchboard
Electrical Equipment Standards
• IEC 947-1: General Rules
• IEC 947-2 / UL1066, UL 489 : Circuit Breakers
• IEC 947-3 / UL 363: Switches, Disconnectors, Switch
Disconnectors and Fuse Combination Units
• IEC 947-4 / UL 508 : Contactors and Motor Starters
• IEC 947-5: Control Circuit Devices

• IEC 947-6-1 / UL 1008: Automatic Transfer Switching

Equipment
 Definitions Of Transfer Switch

 IEC 60947-6-1: “A device for transferring of one or more load

circuits from one supply to another. A self-acting equipment
containing the transfer switching devices & other necessary
devices for monitoring supply circuits and for transferring one
or more load circuits from one supply to another.
 UL 1008: 1.4 “A Transfer switch as covered by these
requirements is a device that automatically transfer a common
load from a Normal Supply to Alternate Supply in the event of
failure of normal supply and automatically returns the load to
normal supply when the normal supply is restored.”
Typical Application of
Transfer Switch
 Utility to Genset

6.6KV

Utility Genset
Transformer

415V 415V
C.B. C.B.
ATS
N E

Load
Two Utilities System
Utility Transformer Utility Transformer
No 1 No 2

Load B
Load A
 Utility with Multiple Genset
Paralleling
Distributed, Emergency & Standby
Generators

Utility Service 2 3

1 Paralleling
Switchgear

1 2 or 3

Load A
1 2 or 3

Load B
Two Gensets & Utility System
Utility 3
Transformer
380V
1 2
C.B

ATS 1

ATS 2

Load
Multiple ATS System

Emergency &
Utility Service Standby 2
Generator
1

1 2

Load A
1 2

Load B
Basic Transfer Switch Components
Control Panel Transfer Switch
Alternate Source
Time Delay Voltage &
Transfer to Frequency
Alternate Sensing

Transfer Transfer
Controls Operator
Time Delay

Load
Re-transfer
to Normal

Time Delay Voltage

to Start Sensing
Engine- Gen.

T.D. E-G
Cooldown
Normal Source
The Special Nature of Transfer
Switches
• Seven Main Functions
– Carry Current Continuously
– Withstand Fault Current
– Detect Power Failures
– Initiate Alternate Source
– Transfer Load
– Sense Restoration of Normal
– Retransfer Load
Worldwide Switch Technologies

Mechanically Latched Electrically Held Contactors

Circuit Breakers UL508
UL1066, UL489
Worldwide Switch Technologies

Mechanically Held, Electrically Mechanically Held, Electrically

Operated Load Break Switch or Operated ATS
Disconnector or Switch Disconnector UL1008
UL363
 Any Device That is
Switching a Common Load
Between Two or More Sources
is a Transfer Switch
and it Should Be
Qualified to UL1008
 UL1008
Transfer Switch Equipment
Testing Requirements
The Qualification of Transfer Switches
Performance Requirements for UL1008
– Overload Test.
– Post Overload Temperature Rise.
– Endurance.
– Dielectric Voltage Withstand ; 2 times rated voltage Plus
1,000 volts for 1 minutes.
– Short Circuit Withstand
– Post Withstand Dielectric
– Short Circuit Close-on ; Must use same sample from
withstand test.
– Post Close-on Dielectric
The Qualification of Transfer Switches
Performance Requirements for UL1008
– Overload Test 6 times Rated Current

– Post Overload Temperature Rise Test

The Qualification of Transfer Switches
Performance Requirements for UL1008
– Endurance Test one half at 200% of rated current and one
half at 100%
The Qualification of Transfer Switches
Performance Requirements for UL1008
– Short Circuit Withstand Test at Power Factor 0.4-0.5

– Short Time Withstand Test at Power Factor 0.4-0.5

(time based short circuit withstand test)
The Qualification of Transfer Switches
Performance Requirements for UL1008
– Close-On Fault Test
Closed-On Fault Test

Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4

Types of Transfer Switches
• Open Transition (Break Before Make)

• Closed Transition (Make Before Break)

• Open Or Closed Transition With Bypass Isolation

Switch
Power Switching Solutions
Open Transition Transfer (Break Before Make)
 One set of contacts open before the other set close
 Load is disconnected from power during all transfers

Load
Normal
20-90 milli secs
off -time

ATS

Emergency
Types of Transfer Switches
• Open Transition (Break Before Make)

• Closed Transition (Make Before Break)

• Open Or Closed Transition With Bypass Isolation

Switch
Power Switching Solutions
Closed Transition Transfer (Make Before Break)
• Two sets of contact are in parallel not more than 100 milliseconds
• Maintain power supply to load during re-transfer

Load

Normal 100ms
Overlap
time

CTTS

Emergency
 Power Switching Solutions
Closed Transition Transfer Requirements

• Both Sources Must Be Present

• Sources Must In Synchronism

• Electronic Governor For Genset

• Overlap Shall Not Exceed 100 msec.

 Power Switching Solutions
Closed Transition Transfer Requirements

• +/- 5% Voltage Differential

• +/- 0.2 Hz. Frequency Differential

• +/- 5 Electrical Degrees Phase

Angle Difference
 Why Use Closed Transition Transfer?
Closed Transition Transfer Minimized Power
Interruption To The Critical Loads

• In every Power Failure Only 1 time Power Interruption to

The Loads, Unlike Open Transition Transfer, Every Power
Failure The Loads Will be Interrupted 2 Times.
• No Nuisance Tripping of Ground Fault Protection Relay or
ELCB
• Eliminate Voltage Spike
• Able to Test The Emergency System Without Interrupting
the Loads.
• During Schedule Utility Outage No Power Interruption To
The Loads.
• For Peak Shaving No Power Interruption To The Loads.
Operation Safety Of Closed Transition
Transfer Switch (CTTS)
• Closed transition is momentary parallel of 2 different
sources for not more than 100msec without controlling the
sources and without need of protection relay. IEEE
recommendation of practice for electrical power stated that
protective relay not required for closed transition.

• HOW TO ENSURE THAT THE TRANSFER SWITCH

MUST NOT PARALLEL MORE THAN 100msec IN
FAILURE CONDITION???
Operation Safety Of Closed Transition
Transfer Switch (CTTS)
• In the event of controller or component failure during momentary
parallel, how the CTTS will be able to prevent the 2 different
sources from becoming permanently paralleled that will cause
damage to the emergency back up power?
• How closed transition TS will be able to ensure no load
interruption in the event of failure during momentary parallel?
 Safety Features Needed For
Closed Transition Transfer

• Last operator to close will automatically open and system will

locks itself in case one of the operator fail or if the paralleling
time is more than 100msec (manual reset).
• Dry contact to trip upstream Circuit Breaker incase both
operators fail simultaneously.
• The operators each draw their power from the source to
which they are going. If the source is not available, it will
prevent the switch from transferring in close transition mode.
• A passive type of synchronizer used for sensing of voltage,
frequency and phase angle.
• System lock out when there fault in the system.
Closed Transition Safety Features

Last Operator To Close Will Automatically

Open Up When The Other Operator Fail to
Open Up After Time Period >100msec
System will Be Locked Out
Last Contact To Close Automatically Open

Load

Normal Overlap time

longer than
100ms

CTTS

Emergency

35
Closed Transition Safety Features

When Both Operators Failed To Open Up

After Time Period >100msec The CTTS Will
send Trip Signal To Upstream Breaker
System will Be Locked Out
Trip Upstream Breaker When Both
Operators Failed

Load

Normal Overlap time

longer than
500ms

CTTS

Emergency

37
 Safety Features Build in CTTS
• Two separate controllers, one for normal and
one for emergency.
• Timer controller to monitor the mechanical
closing time of the N and E contacts.
• A passive type of synchronizer to give transfer
signal to the controllers.
• System Display Alarm if the two sources
unable to reach synchronism after preset time.
Types of Transfer Switches
• Open Transition (Break Before Make)

• Closed Transition (Make Before Break)

• Open Or Closed Transition With Bypass Isolation

Switch
 Testing,
Maintenance &
Repair
Without Interrupting
the Loads.
Automatic Transfer Switch w/ Bypass
Isolation Switch

Engine-
Utility Load Generator

No Load Break Type

Closed Transition Transfer
With Bypass-Isolation Switch
Application for Transfer Switch with Bypass System

• No Need to Shut Down The Power to do Repair or

Maintenance of Transfer Switch For (24 Hours X 365
Days Operation)
• For Critical Application Needs 2nd Back-up Transfer
Switch.
• For Testing of ATS and Genset Start Stop System
Without Load Interruption.
• For Load that required 99.9999% Power Reliability
(Annual Downtime 5.2 Minutes).
Testing and Maintenance: No Load Interruption
BYPASS SWITCH HANDLE

EMERGENCY

Normal
Source
Normal
Bypass
Test
Isolation TURN
TO
CLOSE

OPEN
PUSH
AND TURN
TO CLOSE

NORMAL

Emergency Loads
Source

BP BP

^^ ^^ ^^
IS

E
E
IS
LL
IS
IS
N
ISOLATION HANDLE

ATS
TO TO
ISOLATE CONNECT

CONN
TEST
ISOLATE
 ATS Safety Interlock Features When
Bypassing
• The TS cannot be racked out when the bypass
switch is in open position.
• The bypass switch only can be connected to the
same side/position as the transfer switch (TS).
• When bypassing the automatic function of TS is
disable (Manual).
• The TS automatic function can only be tested in test
position.
• The TS can be rack back to connect position, when
the TS is in the same side/position with the bypass
switch.
 FY17 Major Project (Indonesia)

Telkom Sigma Data Center:

 Product: ACTB
 Consultant: PT Sigma
 FY17 Major Project (Indonesia)

Daan Mogot City:

Product: Various
ACTB 1600-4000A
Consultant: Arnan
Pratama
 FY17 Major Project
(Philippines)
PP1 Resort World Project:
 Product: 10 x 4000A ACTB
 FY17 Major Project (Malaysia)

TM Brickfield Data Centre:

 Product: 1600A & 2000A
ACTB
 Consultant: MCE Consult
 FY17 Major Project (Malaysia)

New Century Fox project:

 Product: 1600A & 2000A
ACTB
 Consultant: KTA
 FY17 Major Project (Singapore)

Gleneagles Hospital
 Product: Various 800A
ACTB.
 Consultant: LYS Associates
& Consultancy
 FY17 Major Project (Singapore)

STT Optimus & Cardinal

Data Center
 Product: 4000A ATS and
2600A ACTB.
 Consultant: HPF
 FY17 Major Project (Thailand)

Siriraj Hospital:
 Product: Various ACTB
1600-3000A
 Consultant: Pass
Engineering Consultant
 FY17 Major Project (Thailand)
Suvarnabhumi Airport
Extension Phase 1:
 Product: Various ACTB
1600A-4000A.
 Consultant: MAA
Questions?
Question ?

55
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