SUMMER TRAINING on

THERMAL POWER PLANT: Protection and

Maintenance in Distribution and Transmission
network
(NTPC UNCHAHAR)

DHANANJAY KUMAR
15EE10014
About the Project
• Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Plant is located at Unchahar
in Raebareli district in Indian
state of Uttar Pradesh. The power plant is one of the coal based
power plants of NTPC Limited.
• Capacity:

Stage Unit Number Installed Capacity Status

First 1 210 Running

First 2 210 Running

Second 3 210 Running

Second 4 210 Running

Third 5 210 Running

Fourth 6 500 Running

Process Overview
Principle of the Steam Power Plant
COAL HANDLING PLANT
• The coal being filled in the wagons of the rail reaches plant. The
purpose of this plant is to convey the coal to the bunker in the
size not larger than 20mm.It handles and transports the coal to the
bunker from the wagons by passing through various conveyors,
transfer points, crusher houses.
Type of unloading the coal:
• Manual Unloading
• Box in (using wagon tippler for unloading)
• Bottom Open Bottom Release (BOBR) technology(using Track hopper)
GENERATORS AND TRANSFORMERS
AUXILIARY POWER
• Auxiliary power is electric power that is provided by an alternate
source
• It serves as backup for the primary power source
• Auxiliary system power supply in large power plants is a key factor for
normal operation, transient states, start-ups and shutdowns during
fault conditionms
GENERATOR PROTECTION

• STATOR PROTECTION - The neutral of star connected winding is connected to primary of neutral
grounding transformer, so that earth fault current is limited by over voltage relay.
• DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION - In case of phase-to-phase fault generator is protected by
longitudinal differential relay.
• ROTOR PROTECTION - Rotor winding may be damaged by earth faults or open circuits. The field is
biased by a dc voltage, which causes current to flow through the relay for an earth fault anywhere
on the field system.
• OVER SPEED PROTECTION – Mechanically over speed device that is usually in the form of
centrifugally operated rings mounted on the rotor shaft, which fly out and close the stop valves if
the speed of the set increase more than 10%.
• OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION – It is provided with an over voltage relay. The relay is usually
induction pattern. The relay open the main circuit break and the field switch if the over voltage
persists.
• SEAL OIL SYSTEM – Hydrogen in the generator is under very high pressure. There is a possibility of
this hydrogen to come out of gaps, which is very hazardous. So, seal oil is used to seal the gaps so
that hydrogen doesn’t come out.
• LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM –Turbine lubrication-oil system seeks to provide proper lubrication of
turbo generator bearings and operation of barring gear. Pumps are used to circulate lubrication-
oil inside the generator. The oil of the lubrication and the governing system is cooled in the oil
coolers. The cooling medium for these coolers is circulating water.
TRANSFORMERS

• TYPE PF TRANSFORMERS—
• UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER : --This is a step down transformer. The
primary receives from generator and secondary supplies a 6.6 KV bus. This
is oil cooled. These are 8 in number.
• NEUTRAL GROUNDED TRANSFORMER : --This transformer is connected
with supply coming out of UAT in stage-2. This is used to ground the excess
voltage if occurs in the secondary of UAT in spite of rated voltage.
• GENRATOR TRANSFORMER : -- This is a step up transformer. This supply
gets its primary Supply from generator and its secondary supplies the
switchyard from where it is transmitted to grid. This transformer is oil
cooled. The primary of this transformer is connected in star. The secondary
is connected in delta. These are four in number.
• STATION TRANSFORMER : --This transformer has almost the same rating as
the generator transformer. Its primary is connected in delta and secondary
in star. It is a step down transformer. These are 4 in number.
DC SYSTEM

• DC system is generally used for control and protection operation, as

AC supply is not fully dependable. To maintain constant supply in case
of power failure we use DC supply.
SWITCH YARD

• AC electrical energy can’t be stored like cells, so what we generate

should be consumed instantaneously. But as the load is not constants
therefore we generate electricity according to need i.e. the
generation depends upon load. The yard is the places from where the
electricity is send outside. It has both outdoor and indoor equipments
SWITCH YARD
SWITCH YARD

OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS INDOOR EQUIPMENTS

1. BUS BAR

2. LIGHTENING ARRESTER 1. RELAYS

3. WAVE TRAP 2. CONTROL PANELS

4. BREAKER

5. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

6. CORONA RING

7. EARTHING ROD

8. CURRENT TRANSFORMER

9. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

10. LIGHTENING MASK

CIRCUIT BREAKER

• The basic construction of any circuit breaker requires the separation

of contact in an insulating fluid that servers two functions:
• It extinguishes the arc drawn between the contacts when circuit
breaker opens.
• It provides adequate insulation between the contacts and from each
contact to earth.
• The insulating fluids commonly used in circuit breakers are:
• Compressed air
• Oil which produces hydrogen for arc excitation.
• Ultra high vacuum
• Sulphur hexafluorides
Specifications of the circuit breaker used:

MAKE CROMPTON GREAVES LTD.

TYPE AIR BLAST CIRCUITREAKER

RATED VOLTAGE 245 KV

RATED LIGHTING IMPULSE

WITHSTAND VOLTAGE 1050 KV

RATED SHORT CIRCUIT BREAKING 25 - 40KA

CURRENT

RATED FREQUENCY 50HZ

RATED NORMAL CURRENT 2000 A TO 4000 A

RATED CLOSING VOLTAGE 220 V DC

RATED OPENING VOLTAGE 220 V DC

AIR BREAK EARTHING SWITCH
The work of this equipment comes into picture when we want to shut down the supply for
maintenance purpose. This help to neutralize the system from induced voltage from extra high
voltage. This induced power is up to 2KV in case of 400 KV lines.

MAKE S & S POWER

TYPE MADRAS

VOLTAGE 245 KV

CURRENT 10 KA

MOTOR VOLT (AC) 415 VOLTS

CONTROL VOLT (DC) 220 VOLTS

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

• Commonly used in metering and protective relaying in the electrical power

industry where they facilitate the safe measurement of large currents,
often in the presence of high voltages.
• The current transformer safely isolates measurement and control circuitry
from the high voltages typically present on the circuit being measured.
• Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current and
monitoring the operation of the power grid. Often, multiple CTs are
installed as a "stack" for various uses (for example, protection devices and
revenue metering may use separate CTs).
Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step-down extra
high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to operate a
protective relay. In its most basic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across
which the voltage signal is split, an inductive element used to tune the device to the supply
frequency and a transformer used to isolate and further step-down the voltage for the
instrumentation or protective relay as shown in figure below.
REFERENCES:
1. Training Period Work
2. Power protection familiarization book by NTPC’s Power
Management Institute Noida
3. https://www.ntpc.co.in/
THANK YOU