RESEARCH AREAS IN

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS &

VLSI DESIGN
 TOPICS

 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

 AREAS OF RESEARCH IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

 INTRODUCTION TO VLSI

 AREAS OF RESEARCH IN VLSI

 INTRODUCTION
 An embedded system combines mechanical, electrical, and
chemical components along with a computer, hidden inside, to
perform a single dedicated purpose.

 We interact with hundreds of tiny computers every day that are

embedded into our houses, our cars, our bridges, our toys, and
our work.

 An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware

and software, either fixed in capability or programmable,
designed for a specific function or functions within a larger
system.
 AREAS OF RESEARCH IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 Sensors:
 Temperature sensor
 Pressure sensor
 Vehicle sensors like cameras, speed sensors, GPS

 Embedded Operating System:

 An embedded operating system is a type of operating system that is
embedded and specifically configured for a certain hardware
configuration.
 This means that they are made to do specific tasks and do them
efficiently. Embedded operating systems are also known as real-time
operating systems (RTOS).
 Medical applications:
 MRI & CT scanner in which embedded systems are used to produce
detailed pictures of a person’s body parts. Uses radio frequencies and
X-rays.
 Used in sonography ( also called ultra sound imaging) which use high
frequency sound waves to see the images of soft tissues like muscles.
 Used in blood pressure device and glucose test to detect the pressure of
a human body and in the glucose test to determine the sugar levels.
 Home appliances:
 Home security system in which a microcontroller is used for
controlling all the operations.
 Automatic washing machine which uses a microcontroller.
 Automotive electronics which uses Electronic Control Unit which
contain microcontroller, sensors, switches etc.
 INTRODUCTION TO VLSI

 Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating

an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of
transistors into a single chip.
 AREAS OF RESEARCH IN VLSI
 VLSI multipliers and adders
 The various multipliers and adders will be studied. They will have its
application in DSP processors.
 Coding for multiplication/addition will be done using Verilog HDL or
VHDL.
 Low power VLSI
 The strict limitation on power dissipation in portable electronics
applications such as smart phones and tablet computers must be met by
the VLSI chip designer
 Reducing the total power consumption in such systems is important
since it is desirable to maximize the run time with minimum
requirements on size, battery life and weight allocated to batteries.
 Power dissipation is the main constrain when it comes to portability.
Customers want smaller and sleeker mobile devices. This requires high
levels of silicon integration in advanced processes.