Fundamental of Quantitative

Research

Provided by:
Dr. Riswan Efendi
Workshop on Research Proposal
LPPM-UIN Suska Riau
Pekanbaru, August 2019
 Reading materials
• http://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/
34980536/riber_7-s1_sp_h17-083_91-105.p
df
• https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile
.php/2317618/mod_resource/content/1/BL
OCO%202_Research%20Methods%20The%20
ics.pdf
In general
 Concepts
• A type of educational research in which
the researcher decides what to study; asks
specific, narrow questions; collects
quantifiable data from participants;
analyzes these numbers using statistics;
and conducts the inquiry in an
unbiased, objective manner.
What is Quantitative Research?
• Formal, objective, rigorous, systematic
process for generating information
• Describes new situations, events, or
concepts
• Examines relationships among variables
• Determines the effectiveness of treatments
Don’t miss
 Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
• An emphasis on collecting and analyzing
information in the form of numbers. An
emphasis on collecting scores that measure
distinct attributes of individuals and
organizations. An emphasis on the
procedures of comparing groups or relating
factors about individuals or groups in
experiments, correlational studies, and
surveys
Types of Quantitative Research
 How Would You Describe
Correlational Research?
• Looks at the relationship between two or
more variables
• Determines the strength and type of
relationship
• Explains what is seen
• No cause and effect
 How about Quasi-experimental
Research?
• Examines cause-and-effect relationships
• Less control by researcher than true
experimental designs
• Samples are not randomly selected.
• All variables in the study cannot be
controlled by the researcher.
 What are the Main Characteristics of
Experimental Research?

• Controlled manipulation of at least one

independent variable
• Uses experimental and control groups
• Random assignment of the sample to the
experimental and control groups
 What is the Aim of Experimental
Research?

• Looks at cause-and-effect relationships

• Highly controlled, objective, systematic
studies
• Involves the measurement of independent
and dependent variables
 Check Your Understanding: Question

The nurse manager collects data about hours

worked, age, sex, and geographic area of the
nursing staff over a 10-year period. What type
of research would this be considered?

A.Descriptive
B.Correlational
C.Quasi-experimental
D.Experimental
 Check Your Understanding: Answer

• ANSWER: A

• The quantitative research methods are classified into

four categories: (1) descriptive, which defines the
magnitude of a concept and its characteristics; (2)
correlational, which determines associations between or
among variables; (3) quasi-experimental, which tests an
intervention and lacks control in at least one of three
areas; and (4) experimental, which tests an intervention
and includes both a control group and random
assignment. This research study is designed to define
the magnitude of an idea and its characteristics.
 Important Concepts in the
Quantitative Research Process
 What is Applied Research?
• Attempts to solve real problems in clinical
practice
• Studies the effects the intervention may
have on patients
• Applies findings in the real world on real
patients

Note: can be students, teachers, staffs, etc.

 Why is Rigor Important?
• Striving for excellence in research and
adherence to detail.
• Precise measurement tools, a
representative sample, and a tightly
controlled study design.
• Logical reasoning is essential.
• Precision, accuracy, detail, and order
required.
Control in Quantitative Research

Type of
Researcher Research
Quantitative
Control Setting
Research

Descriptive Uncontrolled Natural or partially

controlled

Correlational Uncontrolled or Natural or partially

partially controlled controlled

Quasi- Partially controlled Partially controlled

experimental
Experimental Highly controlled Laboratory
 Remember !
• To produce something, what should
you do? or prepare?

• Explore all thing that you know and

have, guide the readers and the
reviewers sequentially to capture
your way (strategy) in achieving the
research objectives. (wan chaniago,
2019)