MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION

BASIC COMPONENTS

FUNCTIONS OF EACH COMPONENT:

COMPRESSOR
1. It maintains low pressure at the evaporating unit during
the operation.
2. It circulates the refrigerant within the system.
3. It compresses the low pressure gas to high pressure gas
thereby raising the boiling point.

EXPANSION VALVES
1. Expands the high pressure liquid to a mixture of low
pressure liquid gas particles.
2. Controls the amount of refrigerant in the evaporator.
BASIC COMPONENTS

CONDENSER
1.Acts as a heat exchanger between the hot gas
refrigeration and the cooling medium.
2. Removes the heat of compression and also the latent
heat of condensation.

EVAPORATOR
1. Bank or coil of tubings usually located along bulkhead
of the refrigerated space.
2. Acts as heat conductor between the product and the
refrigerant.
3. It absorbs the heat from the load in the refrigerated
space.
BASIC COMPONENTS

RECEIVER
1. Serve as storage space for liquid refrigerant.
2. Serve as seal between the vapor in the condenser and the
liquid to the expansion valve.
REFRIGERATION ACCESSORIES
1. Thermometer
Purpose: used to indicate normal or abnormal temperature of the
plant.
Location: at suction and discharge side of compressor; liquid line;
cooling water system

2. Charging Connection:
Purpose: to add or remove refrigerant from the system
Location: at the liquid line before the dehydration

3. Dehydrator
Purpose: used to absorb moisture that may be present with the
refrigerant
Location: at the liquid after the charging construction
Motor - is use to drive the compressor - It is used also to convert
the electrical energy to mechanical energy in order to drive the
compressor
Components Performance and
Formulas

1. Compressor Power (Wc) - is the power needed to compress

the refrigerant.
Wc = h2 - h1, Kj/kg
Wc = m(h2-h1), Kw

where:
m = mass of refrigerant circulated

2. Heat Rejected (Qr) - is the amount of heat rejected to the

cooling medium

Qr = h2 - h3, Kj/kg
Qr = m(h2 - h3), KW
Components Performance and
Formulas
3. Expansion Valve Process (h3 = h4)

h3 = h4
h3 = hf4+xhfg4
hfg4 = hg4 - hf4
x = h3 - hf4/(hg4 - hf4)

x = quality after expansion or weight of flash gas per unit weight of

refrigerant circulated
Components Performance and
Formulas
4. Refrigerating Effect (RE) - is the amount of heat gained from the
load

RE = h1 - h4, KJ/kg
RE = m(h1-h4), KW

For cooling water:

RE = mwcp(t1 -t2), KW

5. Tons of refrigeration (TR)

TR = Refrigerating Effect/3.516
TR = m(h1 - h4)/3.516
Conversion

where:

1 ton of refrigetion = 3.516 KW = 200 BTU/min = 12,000 Btu/hr

Performance of Refrigeration System

1. Coefficient of Performance (COP) = is the ratio of refrigerating

effect and compression work

COP = Refrigerating Effect/Compressor Power

COP = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)

2. Power per Ton = Compressor Power / Ton of Refrigeration,

KW/Ton

KW/KW = 1/COP
HP/TON = 4.71/COP
KW/Ton = 3.516/COP
Performance of Refrigeration System

3. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) - the ratio of energy removed at

the evaporator refrigerating effects to the electrical energy
consumed. This shall conform with the standards set by the
Department of energy.

EER = Refrigerating (KW)/ Electricity Consumption (KW)

4. Volume Flow at Suction (V1)

V1 = mv1, m^3/sec
Performance of Refrigeration
Cycle
5. Volume Flow Rate Per Ton = V1/Tons
of Refrigeration
6. Standard Refrigeration Cycle:
Evaporation Temperature: 5oF(-15oC)
Condenser Temperature: 86oF(30oC)
Homework

 Make a research on the following below:

a. Chilling and Cooling Load
b. Motor and Compressor Performance
c. Refrigeration Compressors
d. Degree Superheating and Degree Sub-
cooling
Thank you!