WHAT IS

INTER-
MOLECULAR
FORCES?
 INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
VS.
INTRAMOLECULAR
FORCES
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces
that act between molecules or particles in the
solid or liquid states.

Are the forces which mediate interaction

between molecules, including forces of
attraction or repulsion which act between
molecules and other types of neighboring
particles.
 
Example: atoms or ions. ... Ion-induced
dipole forces.
 
 INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES
Force which keeps
molecules together.
 
The Different Types of Intermolecular Forces

Dispersion Forces – these forces

of attraction result from temporary
dipole moments induced in
ordinarily nonpolar molecules.
 
Polarizability - of the atom or
molecule refers to the ease with
which the electron distribution can
be distorted.
London Dispersion Force -
Is the weakest intermolecular 
force. The London dispersion
force is a temporary
attractive force that results
when the electrons in two
adjacent atoms occupy
positions that make the atoms
form temporary dipoles. 
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole Forces - Are
attractive forces between
polar molecules (molecules
that possess dipole
moments).
Hydrogen Bond - Is a special type
of dipole-dipole interaction
between the hydrogen atom in a
polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or
F‒H, and an electronegative O, N,
or F atom.
Effects of Hydrogen Bonding
a. High Boiling Point
b. Low Density of Ice
c. High Surface Tension

Van der Waals Forces - include

attraction and repulsions
between atoms, molecules, and
surfaces, as well as other
intermolecular forces.
Polar Covalent Bond – A
covalent bond in which
partial charges are produced.
Non – Polar Covalent Bond
- Are a type of chemical
bond where two atoms share a
pair of electrons with each
other.
 Properties of Liquids and Solids
Molecular Behavior
Properties of Matter
Gas Liquid Solid

Fixed volume; Fixed volume; fixed

Volume/Shape Assumes volume and assumes shape (regardless
shape of container shape of occupied of size and shape
part of container of container.

Density Low High High

Cannot be Cannot be
Compressibility Easy to compress appreciably appreciably
compressed compressed

Motion of Molecules Random, fast, cover Random, medium Vibration in place

large distances speed, limited
distanced