Bolts & Nuts

Easily Understanding Bolts & Nuts

( as a Field Technician )

Presented by
Phyoe Maung Maung @ Neon
 Fundamental of Bolts & Nuts

• Bolt and nut are combined as a set and which is one of the type of fasteners.
• A hardware to use in joining objects.

Types of Bolts

1. Bolt or Machine bolt

2. Set Screw
3. Stud Bolt
 What is the Difference Between a Bolt and a Set Screw?

Set Screws

set screw
Set Screws are fully threaded, meaning that the entire length of the screw can be fastened into the object.
The most common use for set screws is attaching two materials together; they work best on wooden materials, but can
also be used with plastics, metals, and various other materials – their versatility is one of the key features that makes them
a popular product to keep handy.

Bolts

bolt
Bolts are only partially threaded, with a certain amount of space between the end of the threading and the head of the
bolt – unless they are under a specific length, in which case they can also be fully threaded…confusing, we know!
Bolts are more specifically designed fasteners which work by securing materials by fitting matching nuts, therefore working
together to either attach or tighten the desired materials.
Make sure you are aware of the uses of a product before purchasing it, and keep a few of each handy to make your jobs
faster and easier without running out of essential supplies!
1.Bolt or Machine Bolt with nut
A threaded bolt with one hexagon head or square head
Used with one nut from other side

Photo: internet source

2. Set screw or Screw Bolt (without nut)
Fully thread entire length and one end has
hexagon head or drive end

Photo: internet source

3.Stud Bolt and Nuts
One long threaded bar,
normally used with two hexagonal nuts

Photo: internet source

Differences between Screw, bolt and stud

Bolt, Set Screw,

Especially design use attached Most common use of attached
securing material objects
Easy to install

Photo: internet source

 Measurement of Bolt

L 40mm

6.6
Metric Standard ( because Class Type and mm)
D, Bolt Diameter = 12 mm
L, Bolt length = 40 mm
P, thread pitch = 1.5 mm
6.6 strength of bolt = 6.6 ( 600Mpa Critical strength,
60% yield strength)

Photo: internet source

Types of bolt head based on strength (commonly
used)
1. Class Type ( Metric Standard)
2. Grade Type ( Imperial Standard)

Photo: internet source

Standards of Bolts & Nuts
• Stud bolts follow ASTM A 193 B7/ B8/ B8M ( B7 means material selection on high pressure
and temp, max diameter 3”
• Nuts follow ASTM A 194 H2

• The length of Bolts is depended on hole of the flanges and diameters of bolts. ( based on
flanges type and pressure rating)
Standards of Bolt Threads
There are many using standards which are based on production companies and countries.
The following are the most commonly use in oil and gas, and mechanical field.

 British Standard (Thread Angle 55° ), Imperial Inches , BSW, BSF

 ISO metric Standard (Thread Angle 60° ), Metric mm
 NPT, NPTF , National Pipe Thread Fuel, ( Plumbing, water line, gas line)
 UN Standard ( Unified National Thread),
 UNC Unified National course, UNF Unified National Fine, UNFE Unified National
Extra fine
Terminology of Bolts

A193 GRADE B8 CLASS1 A193 ASTM A193 ( alloy steel and SS material,
for pressure vessel, flange, high temp & pressure)
1-1/8 Diameter B8 UNC thread, 8 TPI (teeth per inch)
Class 1 Stainless Steel (Carbide Solution Treat)
1-1/8 1-1/8 inches of bolt diameter

Checking Torques,
• See the table of Hydra Tight or other
Torques chart vs bolt diameter,
• Spanner (Wrench) Size 46mm
• Torque 247 psi for Antiseize use
• Torques 160 psi for Molykote use
• Torques 463 psi for dry use
Example

B8MA 5/8” Bolt & Nut

• 8M is nut , B8MA is Bolt

• ASTM A193 Grade B8MA Class 1,
• Material SS316
• UNC thread
• Pitch 11 tpi----2.5mm
• Bolt 5/8” ----16mm
• Torques form table 55 Nm with Copper Anti-seize
Terminology

M10x100=36mm Thread
Bolt Diameter = 10mm
Bolt Length = 100mm
Thread Length = 36mm
ISO Metric Standard

¼” UNC x 2”= ¾ ” thread

Bolt Diameter = ¼ inch
Bolt Length = 2 inches
Thread Length = ¾ inch
Standard ( UNC Standard)

½ “ BSW x 5”= 1” thread

Bolt Diameter = ½ Inch
Bolt Length = 5 inches
Thread Length = 1inche
Standard ( BSW, British Standard)
Coating