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Chapter 4

Departure Charts
Chapter 4 Departure Charts

§4.1 Introduction
§4.2 Arrangement and Information of
Departure Charts
§4.3 Examples of Chart
§4.1 Introduction
The purpose of using departure charts are
• Provide a transition between the airport
and the enroute structure after take off
• Reduce frequency congestion, ensure
obstacle clearance
• Control the flow of traffic around an airport
• Reduce fuel consumption, and may
include noise abatement procedures
§4.2 Composition and
Information of Departure Charts

• Heading

• Plan View
Heading

Plan View
§4.2.1 Heading
The heading of departure includes information
about date, communications, transition level
and transition altitude, departure
procedures naming and numbering.

Pilots could find the proper airports and


departure procedures by checking the
heading of departure charts.
§4.2.1.1 Heading Border Data
The heading border data includes:

• Chart procedure identifier


• Location name
• ICAO Airport Identifier/ICAO Location Indicator
• Chart index number
• Revision dates
Chart
ICAO Airport Location Procedure
Identifier/ICAO Chart Index Name Identifier
Location Indicator Number

Departure Airport
Elevation Revision Effective
Frequency
Date Date
Primary Airport
Name
Chart Procedure Identifier

Chart procedure identifier helps pilots quickly


identify the correct type of chart(departure,
arrival, approach, and so on)
Some charts provide additional information
about the type of departure. For example,
displays “SID(R)” in the heading ,which tells
the pilot that operative ATC radar is required
for the departure.
Some charts use the designation “RNAV SID” to
alert pilots that only aircraft with area
navigation equipment can use this departure.
Location Name

For civilian airports, the geographic location


is usually the same as the major city it
serves. Charts for military airports list the
installation name first, with the city
displayed below it.
Primary Airport Name

At the Plainview of departure


charts, the positions where
the main airports locate are
denoted by circular shadow.
If there is a “-” before the name of an
airport, that means the location name
should be a part of the main airport’s
name
If one departure chart
can be used at
many airports, the
secondary airports
are listed under the
main airport.
Another kind of departure chart is area departure
chart. This kind of chars can serve many
different airports and there is no primary and
secondary.
Chart Index Number

The chart index number helps pilots to


sequence and locate charts within Airway
Manual.
Revision dates
chart date effective date

If the effective date is not indicated, the chart


will become effective at once.
§4.2.1.2 Communications
Information about communications is displayed
within a box in the heading on the left.
The departure frequency may display one or
more of the following frequencies:
• Approach
• Center
• Clearance
• Control
• Radar
An asterisk (*) in front of the name of a
frequency indicates that the service is
not available at all times ;
An (R) that follows the frequency type
means that radar is available for that
service.
§4.2.1.3 Transition Level
and Transition Altitude

The transition level and transition altitude are


shown following the communication frame.
§4.2.1.4 Chart Naming and
Numbering
Generally, departure procedures are named
after the last fix on the SID, which transitions
the pilot to the enroute structure.

Sometimes, a plan view displays more than


one departure procedure. When several
departures end at the same fix, they are
distinguished numerically.
The code name in
navigation database. It
couldn't be used to fill
flight plan, or
communicate with ATC.

ATTOL 2A and ATTOL


2C all end at ATTOL
Typically in the United States, there are
transition routes that guide pilots from the
departure route to a fix in the enroute
structure. In these cases, the SID is usually
named after the last fix on the departure
and beginning of the transition.
When a significant portion of a departure
procedure is revised, such as an altitude, a
route, or data concerning the navaid, the
number of the departure changes.
For Example, the Maric Three Departure
is the third version of the modifications
made to this procedure.
A few departure charts, as those for Mexico, are
simply named “Departures.” In front of it is the
designations of applicable runways for the route
charted. These charts represent preferred
departure routes for the airport listed.

Finally, a few airports provide initial climb-out


procedures when their departure procedures are
particularly complicated or detailed. These
procedures provide pilots with guidance for a
route from a particular airport runway to a fix that
begins a published departure procedure.
With the departure name, a number of other
important data may be listed:
• High enroute designator
• Departure code
• Departure type
• Runway designations
• Departure direction
High Enroute Designator
A “(Hi)” designation displayed with the route
name means that the departure procedure or
transition route ends at a fix within the high
altitude enroute structure.
Departure Code
For charts that depict airports that have
computerized their route identification for
flight planning/filing purposes, the computer
code for a particular departure procedure
displays in circinal brackets following the
route name.
Departure Type
When listed, the type of departure follows the
name of the route. Departure types could be
PILOT NAV, RNAV, VECTOR, DME, or GPS.
Runway Designations
If a departure applies to specific runways,
they are listed below the title. Otherwise,
they are specified in the plan view of the
chart.
Departure Direction
Many large airports have different routes
designated for aircraft headed for specific
airways or cardinal headings.
§4.2.1.5 Chart Restrictions
The chart title may include any number of
restrictions, such as:
• Kind of airplane
• Speed
• Kind of equipment
• Noise abatement
Kind of Airplane
Some routes are designated specifically for
jet, turboprop, or non-turbojet airplanes.
Speed
Restrictions on speed are often noted in a
reverse-type box with several criteria for the
pilot to follow.
Kind of Equipment
Since departures can be simplified with the use
of navigation systems, RNAV SIDs often
specify the kind of equipment required to fly
that departure.
Noise Abatement
When special procedures exist for noise
abatement purposes, they are often
referenced with a note below the title of
the departure.
§4.2.2 Plan View
A pilot checks for certain instructions, such as
headings, climb gradients, and altitudes, as
well as speed, airspace, and noise
abatement restrictions.
The direction of this symbol represents the
north direction. It always point to the up
side of a departure chart.
“NOT TO SCALE” means that the chart is
not plotted to scale. But the geography
positions and direction information are
precise.
§4.2.2.1 Airports
The primary airport is displayed in the plan view by a
shaded circular area. Within the Primary airport
symbol is a depiction of the airport’s runways. The
chart shows the runway orientation and relative
runway lengths.
Sometimes, the departure chart for a particular airport
includes other airports in the vicinity. The symbol
used for the secondary airport depends on whether
the airport is civilian or military.
民用卫星机场
Civilian airport

军用卫星机场
Military airport
§4.2.2.2 Navaid and Fixes
Departure routes are defined by various navigation
facilities in the area. Typically, the departure chart
shows all the navaids that define the route within the
plan view section of the chart.
Along the route, there may be designated locations
that provide a means for checking the progress of
the flight. These fixes may be defined by their
relative position to various navaid, as well as latitude
and longitude positioning.
Departure charts use a variety of symbols to depict the
different navigation facilities and fixes.
§4.2.2.3 Flight Tracks
Departure plan view includes graphic symbols that
portray the various tracks and transitions served by
the procedure.
• A bold-lined arrow indicates the SID track
• A bold dashed line represents transition tracks
If there are more than one transition procedures in a
departure chart, the names of transition procedures
should be denoted near the transition tracks.
Meanwhile, corresponding textual explanation
should be contained in the departure chart.
• A thin, real line with arrows represents VOR
Radials or NDB bearing
• A thin, curved line represents a DME arc. The
DME arc is not the real track. It can be used to
indicate the change of heading and altitude, or the
restriction line when turning. The unit “NM” is
labeled on the DME arc.
• If there is a route identification code near the
departure track, it means that the departure
track is a part of this route.
• A series of small arrows represents radar
vectoring .That means pilots could obtain
radar vectoring .
• Some textual description about SID track and
altitude information.
• When there are several departure
procedures in a chart, the SID names are
used near by the track to denote which
departure procedure the track belongs to.
Information about flight track and altitude of
the corresponding procedure can be found
in the table at the bottom or the plan view of
chart.
Radar DME Arc
Vectoring

SID Track

Route
identification
code

VOR Radial

Transition
Procedures Name

Transition Track
SID Name

SID textual
description
§4.2.2.4 Departure Elements
Textual descriptions about route and altitude
of departure often accompany the graphics
on the plan view of a chart.
Take-off
minimums
Initial climb

Routing
Take-off
You may find “Take off” information in text in
the plan view, or in a table at the bottom of
the chart, labeled by “TAKE-OFF”
In some cases, instructions about take-off is
labeled with runway number of SID to
which they apply or aircraft types.
Some SIDs are so complex that there must
be a individual diagram to illustrate climb
procedures (infrequent).
When using such kind of SID, pilots should
follow the corresponding climb procedure.
When the aircraft get to the last fix, pilots
should fly following the SID procedures.
Climb
Unless specified otherwise, SIDs provide
obstacle clearance protection as long as
the aircraft:
• is 35 feet high as it crosses the departure
end of the runway
• dose not turn until reaching 400 feet
• climbs at least 200 feet per NM
Some SIDs require increased or unusual
aircraft performance characteristics to
ensure obstacle or terrain clearance
during the climb phase. In addition to
the climb and altitude instructions, notes
in the plan view specify a climb gradient
in feet per nautical mile.
When take-off, GS 200KT, take off from 24L,. Using
the climb gradient 205ˊ per NM to calculate the
corresponding climb rate should be 833ft/min. Keep
this rate and climb to 3100 feet.
Use the following formula to calculate climb rate
climb rate=(GS/60) ×climb gradient
Before climbing to the requiring altitude of
the SID, pilots must obey this climb
gradient strictly. Especially when meeting
bad weather, such as turbulence、icing,
it is very important to maintain this climb
gradient.
Transition Route

A transition route sequences the flight


from the SID to a fix within the enroute
structure.
Not all charts include transitions. The
design of the departure determines if a
transition route is available and used on
a particular SID. Transitions are more
common in certain regions, particularly
North America.
Transition routes are shown as bold, dashed
lines, and are accompanied by labels when
more than one is displayed on a chart, the
transition route labels may include:
• Transition name
• Identifier code (for computerized flight plan
filing)
• Altitude
• DME
See the “AVENAL”
transition route in the
chart.
• Identifier code —
GMN4.AVE
• segment distance from
GORMAN VORTAC to
COREZ—55NM,MEA
11000FT,MOCA
10000FT
• segment distance from
COREZ to AVENAL
VORTAC —25NM,MEA
4000FT
Transition routes end at a fix on an enroute
airway. When the transition end point is
within the high altitude enroute structure,
it’s usually marked “High Altitude”.
§4.2.2.5 Altitudes
Departure charts show important altitude
information, often crucial to the proper
execution of the procedure. A SID chart
may display altitude instructions for:
• MSAs
• Route segments
• Fixes
MSAs
The minimum safe altitude (MSA) is shown as
a graphic on departure charts. MSA is
provided when specified by the controlling
authority.
MSA provides 1,000 feet of obstruction
clearance within a specified distance (25
miles unless specified otherwise) from a
navigation facility.
MSA is designed only for use in an
emergency or during VFR flight, such as
a visual approach at night.
Each MSA is applicable only to the
departure on which it is displayed, and
may not be used for any other procedure.
Consider LAX VOR as the
center of a circle whose
radial is 25NM. This circle
is divided into three parts:
• 010°-120°, MSA 4400FT
• 120°-240°, MSA 7700FT
• 240°-010°, MSA 2700FT

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