HYPERTENSION

dr. Melissa Elperide Damery

 Hypertension
• Hypertension is a hemodynamic disorder
• Persistent elevation of Systolic blood pressure
>140 mmHg or Diastolic blood pressure >90
mmHg
• Worldwide an estimated 1 billion people have
hypertension. At least 65 million american
adults, 1 in 3 have high blood pressure.
 Types of hypertension
• 1. Primary : chronic high blood pressure
without a source or associated with any other
disease
• 2. Secondary : elevation of blood pressure
associated with another disease such as
kidney disease, endocrine disorders,
coarctation of aorta.
 NORMAL PREHYPERTENSION
< 130 mmHg/ 85 mm Hg 130 -139 mmHg / 85-89 mmHg
Stadium 1
HIPERTENSI grade I
140-159 mmHg / 90-99 mmHg
(Hipertensi ringan)

HIPERTENSI grade II
160-179 mmHg/ 100-109 mmHg
(Hipertensi sedang)

HIPERTENSI urgency / emergency

180-209 mmHg/ 110-119mmHg
(hipertensi berat)

HIPERTENSI MALIGNA
> 210 mmHg/ >120 mmHg
Who is at risk for hypertension?
• Age – blood pressure rises with increasing age
• Family history – having a close blood relative (parents
or sibling) with hipertension increases your risk of
developing hypertension
• Stress – people exposed to repeated stress may
develop hypertension more frequently than others
• Alcohol – Excessive alcoho intake is associated with
hypertension
• Diabetics mellitus- hypertension is more common in
diabetics
• Cigarette smoking- smoking increases your risk for
cardiovascular disease.
• Eleveted cholesterol&triglyceride-high levels of
cholesterol & triglyceride are primary risk factors for
atherosclerosis (Pluque build up in your blood vessels)
• Obesity- weight gain is highly associated with
increased frequency of hypertension, especially with
central abdominal obesity
• Too much salt in your diet- high sodium intake
contributes to high blood pressure and causes water
retention
 Signs & Symptoms
• Hypertension is often called the “ Silent killer” because it
is frequently asymptomatic-meaning without symptoms
until it has become severe and damage to organs have
occurred.
• Dizziness
• Blurred or double vision
• Nausea
• Headache
• Palpitations, angina
• Nosebleeds
• A flushed face
• Shortness of breath
 Treatments
• Step 1.
Lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise, limit
alcohol and tobacco use, reduce stress factors)
• Step 2.
If lifestyle changes are not enough, drug therapy
will be introduced
• Step 3.
If previous steps don’t work, drug dose or type will
be changed or another drug is added