STOMACHA muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus. The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. STOMACHThere are four major regions in the stomach: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. STOMACH Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. STOMACHThe wall of the stomach is similar to the entire alimentary canal. (Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, and Serosa) The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of alkaline mucus. STOMACH PEPTIC ULCER PEPTIC ULCER PEPTIC ULCER Stomach ulcers, which are also known as gastric ulcers, are painful sores in the stomach lining. Stomach ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are any ulcers that affect both the stomach and small intestines. PEPTIC ULCER Stomach ulcers occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects your stomach from digestive juices is reduced. This allows the digestive acids to eat away at the tissues that line the stomach, causing an ulcer. PEPTIC ULCER CAUSE • an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
• long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen PEPTIC ULCER CAUSE • an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
• long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen PEPTIC ULCER SYMPTOMS The most common symptom is a burning sensation or pain in the middle of your abdomen between your chest and belly button. Typically, the pain will be more intense when your stomach is empty, and it can last for a few minutes to several hours. PEPTIC ULCER SYMPTOMS • Dull pain in the stomach • Weight loss • Nausea or Vomiting • Bloating • Acid Reflux • Heartburn • Shortness of breath and tiredness • Dark tarry stools • Bloody Vomits PEPTIC ULCER DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis and treatment will depend on your symptoms and the severity of your ulcer. To rule out H. pylori infection, a blood, stool, or breath test may be ordered. With a breath test, you’ll be instructed to drink a clear liquid and breathe into a bag, which is then sealed. If H. pylori is present, the breath sample will contain higher-than-normal levels of carbon dioxide. PEPTIC ULCER DIAGNOSIS Other tests and procedures used to diagnose stomach ulcers include: Barium swallow: You drink a thick white liquid (barium) that coats your upper gastrointestinal tract and helps your doctor see your stomach and small intestine on X-rays. Endoscopy (EGD): A thin, lighted tube is inserted through your mouth and into the stomach and the first part of the small intestine. This test is used to look for ulcers, bleeding, and any tissue that looks abnormal. Endoscopic biopsy: A piece of stomach tissue is removed so it can be analyzed in a lab. PEPTIC ULCER DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis and treatment will depend on your symptoms and the severity of your ulcer. To rule out H. pylori infection, a blood, stool, or breath test may be ordered. With a breath test, you’ll be instructed to drink a clear liquid and breathe into a bag, which is then sealed. If H. pylori is present, the breath sample will contain higher-than-normal levels of carbon dioxide. PEPTIC ULCER COMPLICATION • Bleeding (Hemorrhage) • Penetration • Perforation • Obstruction • Cancer PEPTIC ULCER TREATMENT • Antibiotics • Acid-reducing drugs • Antacids • Surgery (if necessary) PEPTIC ULCER SURGERY Surgery for ulcers is now rarely needed because drugs so effectively heal peptic ulcers and endoscopy so effectively stops active bleeding. Surgery is used primarily to deal with complications of a peptic ulcer, such as: PEPTIC ULCER SURGERY • A perforation • An obstruction that fails to respond to drugs • Two or more major episodes of bleeding ulcers • A gastric ulcer suspected to be cancerous • Severe and frequent recurrences of ulcers PEPTIC ULCER Prognosis If Helicobacter pylori infection is successfully treated, peptic ulcer disease comes back in only 10% of people. However, peptic ulcer disease comes back in 70% of infected people who are treated only with drugs that suppress the production of acid THANK YOU, If