Hegel Dialect theory

Art of investigating or discussing the

truth
VNR
 HEGEL
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, (born August 27,
1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg [Germany]—died
November 14, 1831, Berlin),
German philosopher who developed a dialectical
scheme that emphasized the progress of history
and of ideas from thesis (personal research) to
antithesis (opposing ideas) and then to a
synthesis. (combination of work)
Man proposes, God disposes
Many are called but few are chosen
 HEGEL
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher
and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved
wide recognition in his day and—while primarily influential
within the continental tradition of philosophy—has become
increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as
well. Wikipedia
• Born: 27 August 1770, Stuttgart, Germany
• Died: 14 November 1831, Berlin, Germany
• Influenced: Karl Marx (German philosopher and
economist) Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, MORE
• Influenced by: René Descartes, Johann Gottlieb
Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Adam Smith
(schottish economist, philosopher)
 concept
Hegelian dialectic, usually presented in a
threefold manner, was stated by Heinrich
Moritz Chalybäus as comprising
three dialectical stages of development:
- a thesis, giving rise to its reaction; an
antithesis, which contradicts or negates the
thesis; and the tension between the two being
resolved by means of a ...
 What is hegelian theory
Hegelianism is the philosophy of G. W.
F. Hegel which can be summed up by the
dictum (a formal pronouncement from an
authoritative source) that "the rational alone
is real", which means that all reality is capable
of being expressed in rational categories. His
goal was to reduce reality to a more synthetic
unity within the system of absolute idealism.
 Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism, a philosophical
approach to reality derived from the teachings
of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... They did
not deny the reality of mental or spiritual
processes but affirmed that ideas could arise,
therefore, only as products and reflections of
material conditions.
 History
According to Hegel, "World history...
represents the development of the spirit's
consciousness of its own freedom and of the
consequent realization of this freedom.". ...
The Orientals do not know that the spirit or
man as such are free in themselves. And
because they do not know that, they are not
themselves free.
 Contd…
• Division of philosophy
• The first and most wide-reaching consideration of
the process of spirit, God, or the idea, reveals to
us the truth that the idea must be studied
• (1) in itself; this is the subject of logic or
metaphysics
• (2) out of itself, in nature; this is the subject of
the philosophy of nature and
• (3) in and for itself, as mind; this is the subject of
the philosophy of mind(Geistesphilosophie).
• Philosophy of nature[edit]
• Passing over the rather abstract considerations by which Hegel
shows in his Logik the process of the idea-in-itself through being to
becoming, and finally through essence to notion, we take up the
study of the development of the idea at the point where it enters
into otherness in nature. In nature the idea has lost itself, because it
has lost its unity and is splintered, as it were, into a thousand
fragments. But the loss of unity is only apparent, because in reality
the idea has merely concealed its unity.
• Studied philosophically, nature reveals itself as so many successful
attempts of the idea to emerge from the state of otherness and
present itself to us as a better, fuller, richer idea, namely, spirit, or
mind. Mind is, therefore, the goal of nature. It is also the truth of
nature. For whatever is in nature is realized in a higher form in the
mind which emerges from nature.
• Philosophy of mind[edit]
• The philosophy of mind begins with the consideration of
the individual, or subjective, mind. It is soon perceived,
however, that individual, or subjective, mind is only the first
stage, the in-itself stage, of mind. The next stage is
objective mind, or mind objectified in law, morality, and the
State. This is mind in the condition of out-of-itself.
• There follows the condition of absolute mind, the state in
which mind rises above all the limitations of nature and
institutions, and is subjected to itself alone in art, religion,
and philosophy. For the essence of mind is freedom, and its
development must consist in breaking away from the
restrictions imposed on it in it otherness by nature and
human institutions.
• Philosophy of history
• Hegel's philosophy of the State, his theory of history, and his
account of absolute mind are perhaps the most often-read portions
of his philosophy due to their accessibility. The State, he says, is
mind objectified. The individual mind, which (on account of
its passions, its prejudices, and its blind impulses) is only partly free,
subjects itself to the yoke of necessity—the opposite of freedom—
in order to attain a fuller realization of itself in the freedom of the
citizen.
• This yoke of necessity is first met within the recognition of the
rights of others, next in morality, and finally in social morality, of
which the primal institution is the family. Aggregates of families
form civil society, which, however, is but an imperfect form of
organization compared with the State. The State is the perfect
social embodiment of the idea, and stands in this stage of
development for God Himself.