Carl Jung

Analytical Psychology
 Born in Switzerland in 1875
 Family of Protestant clergy
 Studied medicine at the
University of Basel
 Lectureship at the University
of Zurich
 Created word associations as
a technique
 For a time, was one of Freud's
primary disciples
 Accompanied Freud to the US
in 1909
 Died in 1961 in Zurich,
Switzerland
The Structure of Personality
The Psyche and the Self: The Personality
as a Whole

 Ego
 Persona
 Shadow
 Anima and Animus
 Personal Unconscious
 Collective Unconscious
 5 of 55

Archetypes
 The content of the
collective unconscious
are called "Archetypes"

 Jung believed humans

are not born "clean
slates". He thought we
came into this world
with certain pre-
dispositions that cause
behaviour.

 These behaviours were

driven by archetypes
or archetypal
behaviour.
Examples of Archetypes
 Family Archetypes:
 The Father – Stern, Powerful, Controlling
 The Mother – Feeding, Nurturing, Soothing
 The Child – Birth, Beginnings, Salvation

 Story Archetypes:
 The Hero – Rescuer, Champion
 The Maiden – Purity, Desire
 The Wise Old Man – Knowledge, Guidance
 The Magician – Mysterious and Powerful
 The Witch or Sorceress - Dangerous
 The Trickster – Deceiving and Hidden

 Animal Archetypes:
 The Faithful Dog – Unquestioning Loyalty
 The Enduring Horse – Never Giving Up
 The Devious Cat – Self Serving
 Jung is most famous for his
development of the
personality types of
INTROVERT and
EXTROVERT. Introverts are
people who prefer their
internal world of thoughts,
feelings, and dreams.
Extroverts prefer the
external world of things,
other people, and activities.
EGO
 The gatekeeper to
consciousness

 Center of will
- Not the center of
personality

 Ego inflation
- Identifying too closely
with our
consciousness
 Adapts to the world
 Mask; social roles
 It is shaped by the
reaction we elicit in
other people
 Self image
 We raise to our
image
SHADOW
 Those part of the
psyche that is
rejected from
consciousness by ego
because they are
inconsistent with
one’s self-image

Example:
Unacceptable sexual
desires and
aggression
 Rejecting qualities that are
incompatible with identity
 man’s inner feminine (anima)
 woman’s inner masculine
(animus)
 Man possessed by Anima is
moody and emotional
 Woman possessed by animus
is opinionated and power
hungry
 projection of anima and
animus
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS

 Combination of the
shadow, anima and
animus
 Shadow is closer to
consciousness
 Need to integrate all
 COLLECTIVE
UNCONSCIOUS
 archetypes
 inherited; genetic basis ("racial
unconscious")
 shadow and anima/animus as
archetypes
 other archetypes
 The Great Mother
 The Spiritual Father
 The Hero
 The Trickster
 Mandala
 Transformation
 Psychosis: Dangers of the
Collective Unconscious
14 of 55
Therapy

 Dreams
 Other Symbolic Therapy Techniques
Therapy

Word method devised by Jung to

reveal complexes by asking
Association people to say whatever
Test: comes to mind when they
hear a word

Examples:  “mother” : “witch”

(suggestive of a mother
complex)
 “Superman” : “… [can’t think
of anything]” (suggestive of
a hero complex)
 dreams
 recall of the dream
 amplification
 active imagination

“A dream uninterpreted, is like an unopened

letter from the unconscious.”
-- C. G. Jung

“ A dream that has not been interpreted is

like a letter that has not been read.”
--Talmud, Berachot 55a
 Other Symbolic Therapy Techniques

 Play therapy
 Myths
 Symbolic life
synchronicity

Synchronicity: the acausal principle, in which

events are determined by
transpersonal forces

Examples:  a coincidence in which the phone

rings just as you are thinking of
the person who calls
 bookcase cracking when Jung
and Freud met
 synchronicity

According to Jung, there is

autonomous energy in the
archetypes of the collective
unconscious. They are causes of
events, both mental and
physical.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES

 introversion – extroversion
 4 psychological functions
 thinking – feeling (making judgments)
 sensation – intuition (getting information)
 dominant function & auxiliary function
 8 psychetypes
 introversion – extroversion

 Energy flow inward: introversion

 Energy flow outward: extraversion
The Four Functions
 Thinking and Feeling
 ways of making decisions or judgments
 Thinking: logic, reason, principles
 Feeling: emotions
 Sensation and Intuition
 ways of getting information about the
world
 Sensation: details
 Intuition: big picture
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING interested in ideas

 INTROVERTED FEELING
interested in inner
 INTROVERTED SENSATION
reality
 INTROVERTED INTUITION
 EXTROVERTED THINKING
pays little attention to
other people
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING
superficially reserved
 INTROVERTED FEELING
 INTROVERTED SENSATION
sympathetic and
 INTROVERTED INTUITION
understanding of close
friends or of others in
 EXTROVERTED THINKING
need
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION loving, but not
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION demonstrative
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING emphasizes

 INTROVERTED FEELING experience which
 INTROVERTED SENSATION events trigger (not the
 INTROVERTED INTUITION events themselves)
 EXTROVERTED THINKING e.g., musicians and
 EXTROVERTED FEELING artists
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING concerned with

 INTROVERTED FEELING possibilities (not the
 INTROVERTED SENSATION present reality)
 INTROVERTED INTUITION in touch with the
 EXTROVERTED THINKING unconscious
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING interested in facts

 INTROVERTED FEELING about objects external
 INTROVERTED SENSATION to the self
 INTROVERTED INTUITION logical
 EXTROVERTED THINKING
represses emotions
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
and feelings
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
neglects friends and
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
relationships
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING concerned with human

 INTROVERTED FEELING relationships
 INTROVERTED SENSATION adjusted to the
 INTROVERTED INTUITION environment
 EXTROVERTED THINKING
frequent among
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
women
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING emphasizes the objects

 INTROVERTED FEELING that trigger
 INTROVERTED SENSATION experience
 INTROVERTED INTUITION concerned with facts
 EXTROVERTED THINKING and details
 EXTROVERTED FEELING
pleasure-seeking
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
(sometimes)
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
THE EIGHT PSYCHETYPES

 INTROVERTED THINKING concerned with

 INTROVERTED FEELING possibilities for change
 INTROVERTED SENSATION in the external world,
 INTROVERTED INTUITION rather than with the
 EXTROVERTED THINKING familiar
 EXTROVERTED FEELING an adventurer
 EXTROVERTED SENSATION
 EXTROVERTED INTUITION
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI)
 Most commonly-used test for
measuring Jungian functions
 Business and Education
Application
 Experimental Studies of
Judgments
 Causes of Type
 Interpreting the MBTI

Extraversion: sociability, energized Intraversion: territorial, enjoys being

by people, lonely when alone alone, private, drained by people
(75%) (25%)

Sensation: practical, trusts facts; Intuition: innovative, fantasizes;

learns through experience; wants future more attractive than the
to deal with what’s real present

Thinking: prefers the objective, Feeling: prefers the subjective,

logical, analytical personal, values

Judging: prefers closure, wants Perceiving: resists closure, wants

deadlines, feels more comfortable more & more data; values the
once a decision has been made. open-ended; pressure to decide
stressful