Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1) Enzymes
2) Ion Channels
3) Chromosomal Proteins
4) Transcription Factors
1. Sperm Function
PKA play important roles in sperm function, including;
1) Regulation of motility,
2) Sperm capacitation
2. Cardiac Contractility
PKA phosphorylates numerous substrates that may
influence contractility in cardiac myocytes, including;
1) The L-type Ca2+ channel,
2) The ryanodine receptor,
3) Phospholamban, and
4) Troponin I
3. Cancer
PKA type I is associated with growth and proliferation
whereas PKA type II is associated with increased
differentiation and decreased proliferation.
4. Diabetes
Binding of GLP-1 and GIP to their receptors couples
to activation of adenylate cyclase.
Intracellular
cAMP levels are elevated, leading to
activation of PKA and cAMP-regulated guanine
nucleotide exchange factor II (cAMP-GEFII).
o The cAMP-pathway is a well described repressor
of macrophage activation and can therefore
suppress inflammatory responses.
o Much of this effect is PKA-mediated through;
1) Inhibition of Toll-like-receptors
◦ C refers to calcium
◦ DAG and phospholipid were also described as
necessary for the activation of this enzyme.
◦ DAG requires phospholipase C for its activity
Atherosclerosis Retinopathy
Cardiomyopathy Nephropathy
Neuropathy
PKC isozymes play critical role in,
cellproliferation
survival
invasion
migration
apoptosis
angiogenesis
Among PKC isozymes,