INDIVIDU DAN POPULASI 2

Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Mataram

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 1
 Mampu menjelaskan definisi
ekosistem
 Mampu memaparkan komponen
dalam ekosistem
 Mampu menganalisa hubungan
antar komponen dalam ekosistem
dan dinamikanya
 Mampu menganalisis seberapa
besar efek perubahan alami dan
antropogenik pada lingkungan
dapat memengaruhi kesehatan
manusia dan hewan secara lokal,
regional, hingga nasional (dalam
konteks Eco Health-One Health)

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 2
 Ecological systems – ecosystem
 a biological community of
interacting organisms and their
physical environment
 all the plants and animals that live
in a particular area together with
the complex relationship that
exists between them and their
environment

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 3
 Ekosistem merupakan sebuah
komunitas hidup organisme
(tumbuhan, hewan dan mikroba)
dalam hubungannya dengan
komponen tak hidup lingkungan
(misalnya udara, air dan mineral
tanah)

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 4
Earth
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organisms

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 5
 Population: assemblage of
individuals of the same species in
the same area
 Community: assemblage of all
species in a given area
 Biome: large regional units of
several different types of
ecosystems existing in same
general area
 Biosphere: all of the Earth’s biomes
at the global scale (shuttle frame of
reference)

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 6
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 7
 Hierarchy theory and emergent
properties
 Relate to ecology
 Emergent properties
 Water (combination of H and O)
 Sodium chloride (combination of Na and
Cl)
 Mixes species forest (combination of 50+
different species of trees, shrubs,
microbes and animals)
 Unanticipated properties

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 8
Structure is
underpinned by flow of
energy
Autotrophs: fix energy
from sun - plants
Heterotrophs: consume
energy in C-C bonds
 Primary consumers -
herbivores
 Secondary consumers –
carnivores and omnivores
 Tertiary consumers –
saprovores (dead organic
matter)
All organisms are
classified by their
source of energy
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 9
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 10
 30 Consumers
10%

2nd Consumers
10%

10 Consumers
10%

Autotrophs
1%

Sun
Respiration and heat

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 11
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 12
 Diversity of world’s biota: ~100
Million species, of which 1.5
Million have been catalogued
 Biodiversity: measurement of the
diversity of flora, fauna and
microbes

Species richness
(number of
species)

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 13
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
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 Humanistically: intuitively
value (appreciate diversity
of life forms)
 Ecologically: evidence that
biodiversity is related to
stability and functioning
of ecosystems
 Declining biodiversity with
human population

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 15
 Unlike energy, elements and
materials cycle throughout
ecosystems and they are re-used
 Examples: water, carbon, nitrogen
 Path is commonly circular passing
from biosphere to geosphere to
hydrosphere to atmosphere

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 16
 Atmosphere

Hydrosphere Biosphere

Geosphere

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 17
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
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Human Population Growth

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 19
 Acid rain
 Biodiversity and habitat loss
 Climate change – a global issue
 Ozone and particulate matter in
the atmosphere
 Stratospheric ozone and UV-B radiation
 Tropospheric ozone and human health
 PM and human health

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 20
 Biotic components

All living organisms

– plants, animals
and microbes
 Abiotic components

All non-living
components – soil,
atmosphere, water,
climate, etc

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 21
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 22
Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
8/19/2019 23
 ekosistem yang stabil dan
berkelanjutan (endpoint), mampu
mempertahankan karakternya
dalam komposisi, organisasi, dan
fungsi dari waktu ke waktu, serta
memiliki ketahanan terhadap stres

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

8/19/2019 24
Tugas baca individu:
artikel ecohealth---
summary
dikumpulkan hari
Sabtu sebelum jam
12.00
Handwriting

Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH

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Wahyu Sulistya Affarah, MD, MPH
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