TRIANGLE OF FIRE

- Open flames
- Friction
- Sparks
- Heat producing equipment
- faulty/overloading electrical
equipment
- Hot surfaces
Controlled Uncontrolled
helpful Destructive

Progress Death
  A fire can create extreme temperature in matter of
seconds. Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room
can reach 300 degrees Celsius and can climb up to 650-760
degrees celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt
clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breathe.

 Most people who die in fires, die from breathing

smoke, toxic gases and suffocation.
 Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and
hundreds of other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat
and lungs.
 Fire spreads rapidly. A fire will double every 30 Seconds
under normal conditions. A house can be totally burned by fire
in less than 5 minutes.
 In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a
“FLASHOVER”.

 Fire creates thick black smoke that makes it difficult to

see. A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a
building in minutes.
Makes you disoriented and stops you from thinking
and breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the

option of holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat,

which causes coughing and hacking. Then turns
into nitric acid, which starts to burn the tissue.
CLASS A : Ordinary Combustible Materials

CLASS B :Flammable Liquid/Substances

CLASS C : Energized Electrical Equipment (Electrical Fire)

CLASS D : Combustible Metals

 DIRECT HEAT TRANSFER
This is the transfer of heat from one body
to another through direct flame contact.
 HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION
Is the transfer of heat from a source across an
intervening space where no material substance is
involved.
 M
Ordinary combustible
E
materials
T
A
L

HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION

It is the transmission of heat from one body to
another. It is the transfer of heat from one molecule to
another molecule
 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION
It is the transfer of heat through the motion of heated
matter, i.e. through the motion of smoke, hot air, heated
gases produced by fire and flying embers.
Exit door does not conform to Fire Code
A. Every building or structure new or old, designed for human
occupancy shall be provided w/ exits sufficient to permit fast
escape of occupants in case of fire or other emergency.

B. Every exit of buildings or structures shall be so arranged &

maintained as to provide free & unobstructed egress at all
times.
 Cause of Fire : Electrical short circuit at
stockroom
Investigation shows that Manor hotel had no
working:
• fire alarms
• sprinkler system
• emergency lights
• Fire exits were blocked and the fire
escapes led to dead ends.
• There were also bars on the windows that
prevented its guests from escaping.
3. Be sure that all applicable fire protection equipment
are installed and working properly.
•Fire alarm system – Gives advance notice to
evacuate.
•Emergency Light – Illuminated pathway for escape
of occupants in case of brownout.
•Automatic Fire Suppression System – If functional
can abate hazards and minimize losses.
•Smoke Alarm & Smoke Detector – It sounded off to
give notice to occupants about fire and reduces
death.
928-8363
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
2. Water-based Fire Extinguisher(Blue)
(Aqueous film forming foam (afff))
Are convenient extinguishing agent but is only
effective on Class A & B fires. The water cools the
fuel thereby reducing the heat. Not for class C fires.
3. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher(CO2)
Designed to battle flammable liquids(Class B) and
electrical fires(C). It extinguishes primarily through a
smothering action by establishing a cover between the fuel
and the surrounding air. To gain maximum effectiveness,
stand at least 3-6 feet away from the fire.
4. Hydrochloflourocarbon Fire Extinguisher(HCFC)
- Vaporizing liquid which is clean agent and may not affect
sensitive equipment such as computers and other electrical
appliances. For Class A, B and C Fires.
 PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Lever
Pin
Hose Gauge
Handle
Instructional Label
Tag

Canister
Nozzle
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

P - Pull the safety pin. This will allow

you to discharge the extinguisher.
A - Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
This will allow you to hit the fuel.
S - Squeeze the lever. This will release the
pressurized extinguishing agent.
S - Sweep the nozzle from side to side until
the fire is completely out. Nozzle must be hold
tightly .
FIRE EXTINGUISHER MAINTENANCE

 It should be mounted on the wall to prevent from

being damaged.
 The area surrounding the fire extinguisher shall be
kept clear at all times.
 The pressure gauge should be in the green zone at all
times.
 It should be inspected on a monthly basis.
 Know the location of all fire extinguisher in your
facility or place of work.
 POINTS TO REMEMBER
 Be sure that the fire is small, contained and not spreading
beyond its starting point.
 Know what type of fuel or material is burning to allow
you to choose the right fire extinguisher.
 Back of the body must always be oriented on the door.
 If outdoor, do not go by the wind.
 The proper extinguisher is on hand and you know how to
properly and safely use it.
 SMOKERS' SAFETY
Be a responsible smoker : Don't smoke in bed, when
you're drowsy or drunk. Use ash trays, and soak
butts and ashes before dumping them. Don’t throw
cigarette butts anywhere.
COMELEC INTRAMUROS FIRE
March 11, 2007
Cause of Fire: Cigarette butts
•According to Former Comelec Chairman Benjamin Abalos, a cigarette butt
have caused the fire that razed the old building. Cigarette butts have been
thrown near the generator area of the building.
•Portion of the 2nd floor were used as living quarters for poll body’s filed
officers, in-house security personnel and Police Special Action Force.
•Fire quickly spread because of the presence of flammable materials like
bulk of papers, and diesel fuel stored in the generator area. Old building
was wooden structure which is prone to ignition.
 Keep matches and lighters
away from children.

 USE ELECTRICITY SAFELY

Signs of problems for electrical appliances: flickering
lights, smoke or odd smells, blowing fuses, tripping
circuit breakers or frayed or cracked cords. Don't run
extension cords across doorways or where they can
be walked on. Cover the outlet . Check for hot switch.
Avoid octopus connection and overloading.
Unplugged all electrical appliances after every use.
Parola Compound Fire, Tondo, Manila
Date : March 2, 2015
Cause of Fire : Electrical Connections
10,000 Families affected
5,000 houses burned
 Candles and gas lamps
should be placed away from
curtains and other combustible
materials. Candle should be
placed in a holder or plate.

Pasay City Fire

Date : February 19, 2015
Cause of Fire : Unattended lighted candle
Affected families : 1,200 Families
Do not store flammable
substances such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, thinner and
rugby inside the kitchen.

Do not leave the electric iron

while ironing the clothes.
Unplug it after use.
Maintain proper housekeeping
to eliminate fire hazards.
Dispose wastes such as bulk
of papers/newspapers, rubbish
and other materials that can
easily catch fire. Remove dried
leaves on the roof.

The case of tragic Associacion de
Damas de Filipinas Inc. fire (1998)
Do not use defective electric
fan to avoid overheating.
Always clean and oil it.
SETTLEMENT HOUSE – Association de
Damas Filipinas, Inc.(Orphanage)
Quirino Ave. Paco, Manila
Date : December 3, 1998 at 1:30 am
Origin of Fire : Library
Cause of Fire : Overheated wall fan
-Based on the findings of PNP Forensic
Chemist and NBI Electrical Laboratory
indicates that “ the motors of the wall fan
overheated due to continuous use of
defective motor” which ignited the plastic
casing.
Fire Victims : 28 children died; 37
survived
COOK SAFELY
Do not leave the kitchen when
cooking. Clean spilled oils or
greases. Old food particles and
greasy build-up can ignite. Do not
place any combustibles beside the
stove. If frying pan catches fire,
never spill water on it but instead
cover it with wet rugs.
Check LPG tank and its hose for
possible gas leak. Close the main
valve if there is such. Clean the
stove and hose from oil greases and
other residue. Buy tank from
reliable supplier and not from fly-by-
night dealer. If gas leak is detected
with considerable amount of fumes,
never create any sparks by
switching on the light, flashlight or
opening your cellphone to avoid fire
or explosion. Open the window and
door for ventilation.
SERENDRA GAS EXPLOSION
Global City, Taguig
May 21, 2013
Cause of Fire
Gas leak at Unit 501-B was caused by the unauthorized movement of the gas range that
caused a detachment of the gas supply hose. The explosion occurred when the leaked fumes was
ignited by a light switch.
The tenant who was one of the 4 victims died was not alerted of the leakage because the
vaporized LPG used in Serendra Pipeline System was odorless.
Findings :
•Unauthorized movement of gas range caused a detachment of the gas supply hose.
•Non-functional safety devices such as gas leak detector & automatic shut off valve.
•Only 1 gas leak detector for the whole building and it did not activate.
•Negligence
- Not obtaining all permits for renovation.
- Allowing occupancy after renovation without inspection.
- Unauthorized access to gas valve.
- Inadequate and non-functional safety devices.
 PLAN YOUR ESCAPE
If there’s a fire, you have to
get out fast, so be prepared.
Draw a floor plan of your home,
marking two ways out of each
room. Practice your escape plan
by holding a fire drill twice a
year.
If trapped in a burning building or house, crawl on the floor because
there is fresh air 1 – 2 feet above the floor. Cover your mouth with wet
towel or hankerchief . Makes sure that you know the way going to the
exit, if not, consider the wall as your guide. If trapped in a room, put
something underneath the opening of the door ad the floor. Get the
attention of people by shouting for help.
Speaker Jose de Venecia’s House
Fire
Date : December 16, 2004
Cause of Fire : Overheated Christmas tree
The daughter KC De Venecia, 16 years
old was trapped inside her bedroom, her body
was found inside the bath tub, because of
heavy grills on the windows, the only exit was
that leading to the main stairs. The speaker was
not at home when the fire broke out. When he
arrived, the speaker even tried to climb a fire
truck ladder to save her daughter but he was
told by firemen that he could not because the
smoke may suffocate him.
 If your clothing catches on fire,

Don't run. Instead, drop Cover your face

Running feeds immediately on with your hands
oxygen to the the floor. and roll over and
fire and makes over to smother
it worse. the flames.