Stimulating Activity:

•Considering the many distractions of

the youth today, enumerate those
which you think greatly affect your
performance as a student.
WORKS OF RIZAL
SA AKING MGA KABATA
•An aspect of patriotism and that is love of one’s
native tongue
•Theme:
• Love for the mother language-equally angelical &
viewed as the same with the other languages in the
world.
• Language & nationhood-how one should love the
national language
A TRIBUTE TO MY TOWN
Poem
Un Requerdo A Mi Pueblo
•Importance and beauty of one’s hometown.
•Calamba-offered him a favorable environment
that immensely helped in the cultivation of his
artistic talents and creativity.
INTIMATE ALLIANCE BETWEEN
EDUCATION AND RELIGION
Poem
•His invaluable view on the connection between
education and religion
•Without religion, education is directionless and
without education, religion is meaningless
EDUCATION GIVES LUSTER TO THE
MOTHERLAND (through education our
country receives light)
Poem
•Education is the key for greater involvement as a
citizen in the country
•One should be educated to be productive in the
community and not to become a burden, to be
free from ignorance, poverty, corruption, crime,
immorality and other undesirable behaviors
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (A LA
JUVENTUD FILIPINA)
Poem, won 1st prize in the literary contest at UST
•Youth should get out from their comfort zone
and rise since they are the hope of motherland
•Youth should develop their talents to soar high
and be recognized
Youth-fair hope of the motherland

•cultivate their talents in the arts

•Develop their knowledge of the sciences
•Look forward and break their chain of
bondage
A classic in Philippine Literature:
•It was the great poem in Spanish written by
a Filipino and recognized by the Spanish
authorities
•First expression of the nationalistic concept
that Filipinos were the fair hope of the
motherland
•He called on the genius poets to soar high & be
recognized
•He persuaded the singers, sculptures & other
artist to make a difference using their craft.
ALONG THE PASIG
JUNTO AL PASIG
• a play he wrote while studying at UST
• Rizal wrote it to honor Nuestra Senora dela Paz y
Buenviaje de Antipolo (Our Lady of Peace and Good
Voyage).
•It depicts Rizal’s great affection regarding the
story of St. Mary
•Interpretations about this play
•Rizal was subtly attacking Spain. He tried to
show that the ancient Filipinos had a high
degree of culture and prosperity which the
Spaniards destroyed (Weneslao Retana)
•Rizal was a devout Catholic (Jose Palma)
COUNCIL OF THE GODS
•El Consejo de Dioses
•A play he won 1st prize while studying in UST
•Reflects Rizal’s enthusiasm on Roman Mythology
•Contest on literary arts
•Its shows the complicated situation of the gods
and goddesses as they hold and exercise their
exacting powers and how their supreme ruler
Jupiter relates with each of them considering
their own human-like characteristics like being
clever, loving, caring, kindhearted, jealous,
impatient and the like.
•Jupiter (Zeus)- the chief god, god of thunder and
skies
•Juno (Hera)-the queen of the gods and goddess
of marriage
•Pallas or Minerva (Athena)-the goddess of
wisdom, skills and warfare
•Cupid (eros)-the god of love
•Hebe-goddess of youth
•Homer-Greek writer whose famous work Iliad has
impressed myriad of generations and continues
to do so in the modern period
•Virgil-Roman epic writer, Aeneas in the Aeneid
(depicts the glorious story of Aeneas who was
able to escape from the ruins of Troy after the
Trojan war.
•Cervantes, writer from Spain who wrote the
timeless account of Don Quixote
The play reflects:
1. The authorities or power and attributes of the
gods and goddesses show the numerous
events and conditions that a certain group or
a country may have. Some have similarities
and others have differences with each other
The play reflects:
2. Individuals tend to advance ideas or interests
depending on what may benefit them or those
that may give them advantages. In the
achievement of these, the means may be
desirable or undesirable and critical or with bias,
The play reflects:
3. Spain does not always have the superior power
over other countries. One does not have the
monopoly of overwhelming ideas or favors and
that Spain has strengths and weaknesses that are
complementary to other countries.
 THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

essay
published in La Solidaridad Madrid, Spain (July
15, 1890 – September 15, 1890)

Why did Rizal write this essay?

Rizal wrote this essay to defend the Filipinos from
the charge that they were born indolent.
Indolent
Idle
Lazy
little love for work
lack of activity
CAUSES of the Indolence of the
Filipinos
1. Climate
2. Wars, insurrections, expeditions &
invasions
3. Attacks of pirates
4. Escape of natives to the
mountains
5. Abuses of the Encomienderos
6. Monopoly of gov’t officials
7. Trade furnished by China
8. Wrong doctrines
9. Gambling
10.Absence of encouragement
from the government
11. Lands belonging to the religious
orders
12. Discrimination
13. Retrogression of natives
14. Lack of national sentiments
15.Education of the natives
The Philippines a Century Hence
•an essay
•to forecast the future of the country within
a hundred years.
•Rizal felt that it was time to remind Spain
that the circumstances that ushered in the
French Revolution could have a telling
effect for her in the Philippines.
•That the Philippines will remain to be a
colony of Spain but will be in good
terms with it’s captors
• That the Philippines will try to cut the
ties of our Motherland from it’s captors
through violent means
•And that we will be colonized by
another country
To the Young women of Malolos
•To impart his contentions & priceless
advice regarding the roles of women
in the family, their critical role in
transforming the young or their own
children.
•Women before the coming of the
Spaniards were treated with respect.
•Women were allowed to own properties
and participated in decision making.
•Proper roles of Women (Spanish period)
•Manganak (bear children)
•Magluto (cook)
•Mag-alaga ng pamilya (care for the
family)
•Magdasal (pray)
To my muse
•A poem
•He reiterated his sincere zeal to which he
referred to as his muse
My Last farewell (mi ultimo adios)
•A poem that reflects Rizal’s:
•last will and testament
•poem of farewell
•appeal to the Filipinos not to forget him
•autobigraphy
•Mariano Ponce-gave the title of the poem
NOLI ME TANGERE
•First novel
•Touch me not, huwag mo akong salingin
•Rizal’s motivation:
•Spolarium of Juan Luna
•Uncle Tom’s Cabin of Harriet Beecher Stowe
•Wandering Jew of Eugene Sue
•Purposes:
•Picture the past and realistic in the
Philippines
•Reply to insults heaped on the Filipinos and
their country
•Unmask the hypocrisy that have
impoverished and brutalized the Filipino
people
•Stir the patriotism of the Filipinos
El Filibusterismo
•The reign of Greed
•Sequel of Noli Me Tangere
•Rizal’s motivation: The Count of Monte
Cristo
•Message: The system of the government in
the Phils through corrupt officials,
dominated by the friars can lead to the
downfall of Spain.
Relevant points:
•The course of action the Filipinos should
take in case Spain does not grant the
desired assimilation is through violent action
•The Filipinos were not ready for a revolution
as they were not ready for independence
Relevant points:
•Filipinos have to make themselves worthy of
freedom before they can become
independent
•The road travelled should be towards
education, exemplary lives and the
willingness to sacrifice for one’s convictions
Makamisa
•Third novel
•After Mass
•Tagalog Nobility
•Sequel of the El Filibusterismo