3.

Derivatives of
Trigonometric Functions
 Quick Review
1. Convert 135 degrees to radian. 3  2.356
4
2. Convert 1.7 radian to degrees. 97.403o
3
3. Find the exact value of sin    without a calculator.
3 2
4. State the domain and range of the cosine function.
Domain : all reals range :  1, 1
5. State the domain and range of the tangent function.
k
Domain : x  k odd number 
2
range : all reals
Quick Review
6. If sin a = – 1, what is cos a? 0

7. If tan a = – 1, what are two possible values of sin a? 2


2
1  cos h sin 2
h
8. Verify the identity  .
h h1  cos h 

9. Find an equation of the line tangent to the curve y  2 x3  7 x 2  10

at the point (3, 1). y  12 x  35

10.A particle moves along a line with velocity v  2t 3  7t 2  10

for time t > 0. Find the acceleration of the particle at t = 3.
12
What you’ll learn about
 Derivative of the Sine Function
 Derivative of the Cosine Function
 Simple Harmonic Motion
 Jerk
 Derivatives of Other Basic Trigonometric
Functions

Essential Questions
What are the derivatives of sines and cosines, and
how do they play a key role in describing
periodic change?
 Finding the Derivative of the Sine Function
1. Use the definition of derivative to find the derivative of f (x) = sin x.
sin x  h   sin x
lim
h 0 h
sin x cos h  cos x sin h  sin x
lim
h 0 h
sin xcos h  1 cos x sin h lim
sin x
1
lim  lim x 0 x
h 0 h h 0 h
lim sin x
cos h  1
 lim cos x
sin h lim
cos x  1
0
x 0 x
h 0 h h 0 h
0  cos x  cos x
Derivative of the Sine Function
The derivative of the sine is the cosine.
d
sin x  cos x
dx

Derivative of the Cosine Function

The derivative of the cosine is the negative of the sine.
d
cos x   sin x
dx
 Using the Derivative of Sine and Cosine
3. Find the derivative of each:
a) y  x sin x
2

y  x  cos x  sin x 2 x 
2


y  x cos x  2 x sin x
2

cos x
b) u 
1  sin x
1  sin x  sin x   cos x  cos x 
u 
1  sin x 
2

 sin x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1  sin x

 
1  sin x 2
1  sin x 
2
1

1  sin x
 Simple Harmonic Motion
The motion of a weight bobbing up and down on the end of
a string is an example of simple harmonic motion.

Example Simple Harmonic Motion

4. A weight hanging from a spring is stretched 5 units beyond its rest
position (s = 0) and released at time t = 0 to bob up and down. Its
position at any later time t is
s  5 cos t
What are its velocity and acceleration at time t?
vt   5 sin t s  5  sin t  cos t 0 
at   5 cos t
 Jerk
Jerk is the derivative of acceleration. If a body's position at
time t is
da d 3 s
j t    3.
dt dt
5. Find the jerk caused by the constant acceleration of gravity
(g = – 32 ft/sec 2)
j t   0
6. Find the jerk of the simple harmonic motion of the previous
example s = 5 cos t.
vt   5 sin t
at   5 cos t
j t   5 sin t
 Finding the Derivative of the Tan Function
7. Use the derivative of sin and cos to find the derivative of f (x) = tan x.

f x   tan x 
sin x
cos x
cos x  cos x  sin x  sin x 
f x   2
cos x
cos x  sin x
2 2
1
 2
 2  sec x 2
cos x cos x
Derivative of the Other Basic Trig Functions
d
tan x  sec 2 x
dx
d
cot x   csc 2 x
dx
d
sec x  sec x tan x
dx
d
csc x   csc x cot x
dx
Example Derivative of the Other
Basic Trigonometric Functions
dy cot x
8. Find for y  .
dx 1  cot x
  
dy 1  cot x   csc x  cot x  csc 2 x

2

dx 1  cot x  2

 csc 2 x  cot x csc 2 x  cot x csc 2 x


1  cot x 2

 csc x2

1  cot x 2
Example Finding Horizontal Tangents of
Trigonometric Functions
9. Show that the graphs of y = sec x and y = cos x have horizontal
tangents at x = 0.
y  sec x y  cos x
y  sec x tan x  0 y   sin x  0
sec x  0 tan x  0 sin x  0
x0 x0
Example Derivative of Trig Functions
10. Find y if y  sec x.
y  sec x tan x
y  sec x sec x  tan x sec x tan x
2

 sec x  tan x sec x

3 2
 Example Derivative of Trig Functions
11. Find y if y   cos  .
y    sin    cos  1
  sin   cos 
y   cos   sin   1  sin 
  cos   2 sin 
Pg. 146, 3.5 #2-48 even