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E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.

SOLAR for the


HOME - Design,
Installation & Maintenance
Prepared/ Compiled by:
Engineer William Jacinto Juan, pee/ rmp/ mepf/ ma/ broadcaster
Dep. GenSec, E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.
Co-Founder, MEPF Engineers Co.
Nat’l President, PIPES
Former Committee Chair, IIEE Balik Liwanag & Electrical Safety
Former NP, PSUMP/ NAMPAP Pro-Change/ Pugad Lawin Phils.
Proprietor, FEMP Safety Engineering Construction, 2013-present
CEO/Founder, Versatech Consultants & Mgmt.Corp., 1985-2015
May 2016
 Short Resume of Resource Speaker/ Lecturer:
 Engr. William Jacinto Juan, pee,rmp,mepf,ma
 0915 292 8668 / 0922 501 5770 / 0929 555 2508
Admin/Founder – SOLARSAFE PHILIPPINES, a FB Group
 Dep.Gen.Sec/Co-Founder – E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.
 Training Director/Co-Founder – MEPF Engineers Co.
 Gen.Manager/Proprietor of FEMP Safety Engineering Construction, 2013-present
 President/CEO/Founder of Versatech Consultants & Mngt.Corp., 1985-2015
 President, Phil.Integrated Plumbing Engineers Society (PIPES), 2014-present
 Founding President, Phil. Society of United Master Plumbers (PSUMP), 2013
 National President, Pro-Change NAMPAP, 2012-2013
 Former IIEE Nat’l Treasurer/ Nat’l Auditor/ Governor-at-Large
 Former Chairman, IIEE Balik Liwanag Committee & Electrical Safety Committee
 Was Electrical Consultant/ Designer for PICOP/ SMC/ Parsons Int’l/ AEP Int’l/
 Caltex/ Petron/ Coca Cola/ Selecta/ Avida / DMCI-UPDI/ Motolite Projects
 Former EE Professor @ National U, 1979-1991
 PEE-Top 1 (Oct.1980)/ Asso.EE-Top 3 (Sept.1979) / Asst.EE-Top 8 (Aug.1976) /
 RMP-Top 5 (Sept.1989) / Amateur Radio License DU1-ICH (94.5% rating)
 BSEE 1976 – NU / BSME 1987 – NU
 National President - Pugad Lawin Philippines, Inc., 2009,2010,2011
 President – Rotary Club of Pasig North, RID3800, 2005-2006
 Broadcaster/ Co-Anchor – Talakayang Pinoy, DWAD 1098Khz
Table of Contents
* Introduction/ Background/ World Trends
* Why We Need to Adopt Solar ASAP
* Latest Estimated Costs for Rooftop Solar/Payback
* Advantages/ Disadvantages of Solar System
* On Grid/ Off Grid Systems/ Hybrid Systems
* Power & Energy Calculations & Diagrams
* Installation
* Maintenance
Solar Energy…
It is Free…
It is Limitless…
It is Efficient…
It is Clean…
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Our countrymen
missed the chance
to benefit from a
cheap energy
(PhP2.40/ KWHR)
supposedly from
the Bataan Nuclear
Power Plant in the
late 80s and 90s.
Now, we should
not miss this free,
limitless, efficient
and clean energy
from solar PV
panels.
The Mothballed 600MW Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

History of Cost of
Electricity (Residential) Can you think
 1960s > P2+ per KWHR of a possible
 1970s > P3+ per KWHR way to reduce
 1980s > P4+ per KWHR
the cost of
 1990s > P7-8+ per KWHR
 2000s > P9-10+ per KWHR
electricity in
 2010s > P11-13+ per KWHR the years to
 2020s > P14-18+ ??? come?
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 UNLIMITED ENERGY FROM THE SUN


 The Earth receives an estimated 174 terawatts (TW or
1015 watts) of incoming solar radiation at the upper
atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space
while the rest is absorbed by the clouds, the oceans and the
land masses.
 The land surfaces of the Earth, the oceans and the
atmosphere absorb solar radiation which increases their
temperature to an average temperature of 14 °C.
 The process of photosynthesis on the green coloring of
plants makes plants grow. In this process, solar energy is
converted into chemical energy, which produces food, wood
and the biomass from which fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal
are formed underneath eons or ages ago and now extracted at
present. (From: Wikipedia)
How Fossil Fuels Are Formed
Fossil fuels such
as Coal, Oil and
Gas are formed
thousands of
years ago. They
are extracted
today to produce
energy.
While solar PV
panels instantly
produce energy
from the sun.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

(From: Wikipedia)
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

• HISTORY OF SOLAR or PV PANELS


• 1839 - French physicist A. E. Becquerel first recognized the
photovoltaic effect.
• Photo+voltaic = convert light to electricity
• 1883 - first solar cell built, by Charles Fritts, coated
semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of gold to
form the junctions.
• 1954 - Bell Laboratories, experimenting with
semiconductors, accidentally found that silicon doped with
certain impurities was very sensitive to light. Daryl Chapin,
Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson, invented the first practical
device for converting sunlight into useful electrical power.
Resulted in the production of the first practical solar cells with a
sunlight energy conversion efficiency of around 6%.
• 1958 - First spacecraft to use solar panels was US satellite
Vanguard 1.
 (From: Wikipedia)
INSTALLED SOLAR PANELS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Solar Energy is the product of the


conversion of sun light into electrical
energy through the use of photo-voltaic
(PV) cells (or P-N junctions or diodes from
silicon wafers). The P-N junction is the
positive-negative silicon junction. The PV cell is
the reverse of the light-emitting diode or LED.
An LED emits light when DC voltage is passed
through it. While the PV cell generates DC
voltage when it receives light.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 When light strikes the P-N junction a potential difference
is created, producing say 0.5 volts DC. If 24 solar cells are
in series, this produces 12 volts DC. If the terminals of
these cells are shorted, it would produce 3 amperes. 12
volts x 3 amperes equals 36 watts.
Phl is Host to SUNPOWER Solar
Panel Factory in Laguna
SOLAR PV PANELS
 The Philippines is a host to SUNPOWER Solar
Manufacturing Company in Santa Rosa, Laguna
 Founded 1985, purchased by Cypress Semiconductor in 2004,
spun out in 2008. SPWRA and SPWRB NASDAQ
 HQs in San Jose, CA and Geneva, Switzerland
 12 poly-silicon solar cell lines in the Philippines with a
capacity of 314 MW/year, (but for exports only)
 Expansion to 1 GW capacity in 2010
 High efficiency cells: 21-23%
 Employees: 5,400
 http://us.sunpowercorp.com/utility
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 R.A.No.9513 – The Renewable Energy Act of 2008
 The scope of the Phl DOE IRR for this Act is for the:
 (a) Exploration, development, utilization and commercialization of
renewable energy resources such as biomass, solar, wind, hydropower,
geothermal and ocean energy sources, including application of hybrid
systems and other emerging renewable energy technologies in the
Philippines for the generation, transmission, distribution, sale and use of
electricity, and fuel generated from renewable energy resources;
 (b) Establishment of the framework for the accelerated sustainable development and
advancement of renewable energy resources, and the development of a strategic program
to increase its utilization;
 (c) Clarification of specific provisions of the Act and the responsibilities and functions of
various government agencies, institutions, government-owned and controlled corporations
and local government units, the private sector and other stakeholders, and their
relationships with the National Renewable Energy Board (NREB); and
 (d) Direction and support for existing and new renewable energy developers and
manufacturers, fabricators and suppliers of locally-produced renewable energy equipment.
RA 9513 Offers Fiscal & Non-
Fiscal Incentives
 (1) Income tax holiday;
 (2) Duty-free importation of renewable machinery,
equipment, and materials;
 (3) Special realty tax rates;
 (4) Net operating loss carry-over;
 (5) Corporate tax rate of 10%;
 (6) Accelerated depreciation of plant, machinery, and
equipment;
 (7) 0% value-added tax rate;
 (8) Tax exemption on carbon credits; and
 (9) Cash incentive for missionary electrification.
Phil National Renewable Energy Program

Philippines’ 2011 National Renewable Energy Program:


Develop Indigenous Energy Resources = Triple RE Installed
Capacity by 2030
PHIL POWER GENERATION MIX
2014
FEED-IN TARIFF (FIT)
World Cumulative Installed Solar Power, 2014

 Philippines ??????
Phil Cumulative Solar Plants,
as of April 2016
300 MW by Ecoglobal in Zamboanga EcoZone (under construction);
30 MW by Phil. Solar Farm Leyte;
22 MW by Sindicatum Renewable in Mabalacat;
25 MW by Citycor Power in Silay City, Negros Occ.;
28.6MW by Efinity in Digos;
45 MW by SACASOL in San Carlos City, Negros Occ.;
80 MW by ISLASOL in Negros Occ.;
2 MW by ADI in Batangas;
4.1MW by EDC in Bangui, Ilocos Norte;
63.3MW by Solar Phils in Calatagan, Batangas;
10 MW by Raslag in Mexico, Pampanga;
8.6 MW by Valenzuela Solar in Valenzuela City;
20 MW by MIRAE in Currimao, Ilocos Norte
132.5MW by Cadiz Solar in Cadiz City, Negros Occ.;
50 MW by Solar Phils in Tarlac
1.5 MW by Solar Phils at SM North EDSA, QC;
0.7 KW by Solar Phils at Binan Mall;
1.1 MW by CEPALCO in Cagayan De Oro
824.4MW+
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

45MW SACASOL Solar Power Farm


(San Carlos City, Negros Occidental)
63.3MW Solar Philippines Farm
(Calatagan, Batangas)
132.5MW Cadiz Solar Power Farm
Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR
POWER
 1. It Saves Money Spent on Electricity
 2. It can Earn Additional Revenue or Income..
 3. It’s an Efficient System (from roof to inside house, no need for
the electricity produced to flow through the HV transmission lines)
 4. It’s Non-Polluting (no exhaust smoke, zero carbon foot print)
 5. It Can Power Remote Locations (like remote islands, far flung
barrios, mountain side cell sites or relay stations)
 6. It’s Renewable or Limitless (the sun is believed to be the
infinite source of all energy in the universe)
 7. It’s Noiseless (no combustion, no rotating parts, etc.)
 8. There’s Almost No Maintenance Cost (no ball bearings or
bushings to wear or oil or filter to change)
 9. It Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR
ENERGY
 1. High Initial Cost? – although the trend is the cost is
rapidly going down
 2. Reduced Reliability? – it is useless during night time
and reduced output when cloudy
 3. Low Efficiency of Energy Conversion – only up to
40% sunlight are converted to energy
 4. Large Area Needed? – Large area needed for big
energy users such as manufacturing plants
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 1. PRICE? BUT WHAT’S THE PRICE TREND?
 We bought a 75-watt solar panel made by BP or British Petroleum in 2009,
a surplus from previous cellsite installations by a contractor, the cost was
PhP19,000.00 per the 75-watt panel (PhP76,000 for a 300watts equivalent).
 Recently (2015), we purchased a 300-watt panel made by SKF of Germany
with a cost of PhP11,000.00 per the 300-watt panel.
 Recently, this November 2015, we again purchased 300-watt panels made in
Germany with a price of PhP9,800 per the 300-watt panel.
 The reduction in cost of PV panels within the 6-year period from 2009 to
2015 is over seven-fold.
Year 2009 2011 2013 2014 Feb 2015 Nov 2015 Jan 2016
Price P76,000/ - - P14,000/ P11,000/ P9,800/ P9,600/

 The increasing demand for PV panels will bring down the cost lower and
lower until each home has its own.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 2. REDUCED RELIABILITY? HERE
ARE SOME WAYS TO INCREASE IT
 1. On-Grid Use – surplus energy from solar roof tops
can be used by others in the grid.
 2. Use of Storage Batteries – adequate storage
capacity ensures 24/7 supply.
 3. Combination Use w/ Other RE Sources, i.e. Wind
Mills in windy farms and in tall buildings.
 4. Combination Use of Pump-Storage Hydro
System, i.e. Kalayaan Pump Storage Hydro PP
Typical Pump-Storage Hydro PP
Excess solar
energy in the grid
during daytime
can be used to
pump water to
the upper basin;
Reverse process
is done at night
time to supply
energy to the
grid.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 3. ON LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
First Generation – Single Junction Silicon Cells
• Single crystal silicon - 16-19% efficiency
• Multi-crystal silicon - 14-15% efficiency
Second Generation – Thin Film Cells
The most successful second generation materials have been
cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide
(CIGS), amorphous silicon and micro-morphous silicon.
• CdTe – 8 – 11% efficiency (18% demonstrated)
• CIGS – 7-11% efficiency (20% demonstrated)
Third Generation – Multi-junction Cells
• Current research is targeting conversion efficiencies of
30-60% (30% efficiency at present, with 40-43%
demonstrated)
• The Conversion Efficiency is continuously improving…
World’s Most Efficient Solar Cells
CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY
44.4% efficient solar cells by Sharp held the overall efficiency record for triple-junction
(concentrator) solar cells.

32.6% efficient solar cells by a Spanish solar research institute (IES) and university (UPM),
in the two-junction, concentrator solar cell category.

NON-CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY


37.9% efficient solar cells by Sharp in the triple-junction, non-concentrator solar cell
category.

IN COMMERCIAL CELL CATEGORY


22.8% SunPower’s SPR-327NE-WHT-D modules are the leading solar modules in solar
module yield field tests.
22.5% Panasonic solar modules hold the commercial solar module efficiency record.

IN THIN FILM CELL CATEGORY


17.4% Q-Cells (formerly a German company now owned by Hanwha of Korea) thin-film solar modules
hold the record in this specific solar panel category. Thin-film solar panels are widely used, but not in
residential applications.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
 4. ON THE LARGE AREA REQUIRED
 Every home roof is a large potential collective area to install
solar panels. If the 100 million population have 14,891,127
homes in year 2000 (Source: National Statistics Office) and say
10 million homes have at least 1KW solar capacity, this would
be equivalent to 10,000MW capacity. Or if each roof has 2KW
solar capacity, this would be 20,000MW capacity, if each roof
has 3KW, this would be 30,000MW capacity, and so on, at least
during day time.
 Also, every warehouse roof, every public market roof,
every parking area roof, every school roof, every church
roof, every covered sports or public assembly building is a
large potential area to expand this system.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
If the 10 million
homes mentioned
earlier would have
at least 1KW solar
capacity, this would
be equivalent to
10,000MW
capacity, almost
enough to ensure
power demand
during the daytime
on a sunny day.

http://www2.doe.gov.ph/Presentations/Visayas%20Power%20Summit%20-%20April%2026.pdf
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
EVENTUAL EFFECT OF HOME ROOF
SOLAR ENERGY TO THE ECONOMY
1. FREE SUN ENERGYTO 4. DISTRIBUTION
EVERY HOME/ROOF. UTILITIES/ TOLLWAYS
TO LOWER THEIR
2. ANY EXCESS CHARGES, TOO.
ENERGY FROM SOLAR
EXPORTED TO THE 5. THE COST PER KWHR
GRID. OF ELECTRICITY WILL
GO DOWN GRADUALLY.
3. DUE TO THE FREE
ENERGY TO THE GRID, 6. MORE INVESTORS
POWER PLANTS (IPPs) WILL COME TO PUT
WILL BE FORCED TO
UP FACTORIES IN
LOWER THEIR PRICES.
OUR COUNTRY!
ESTIMATED COSTS OF HOME
ROOFTOP SOLAR (Off Grid)
SOLAR POWER GENERATOR PRICE MATRIX - Jan 2016

Mo.Billing Min.Kw Qtty of Panel Total PV Cost of PV Inv. Cost of Inv No.of Cost of Batt No.of Cost of Direct Cost Install'n Total
Ave,PhP Capacity Panels KW Watts Panels KW Cost of Inv SCC SCCs AH Batt Batt Eqpt Cost Cost
1 1,000.00 0.331 2 250 500 18,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,400.00 200 1 8,000.00 31,400.00 10,990.00 42,390.00
2 1,500.00 0.496 2 250 500 18,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,400.00 200 1 8,000.00 31,400.00 10,990.00 42,390.00
3 2,000.00 0.661 3 250 750 27,000.00 1 3,000.00 3 3,600.00 200 1 8,000.00 41,600.00 14,560.00 56,160.00
4 2,500.00 0.827 4 250 1000 36,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,800.00 200 1 8,000.00 51,800.00 15,540.00 67,340.00
5 3,000.00 0.992 4 250 1000 36,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,800.00 200 1 8,000.00 51,800.00 15,540.00 67,340.00
6 3,500.00 1.157 5 250 1250 45,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 5 6,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 62,800.00 18,840.00 81,640.00
7 4,000.00 1.323 6 250 1500 54,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 6 7,200.00 200 1 8,000.00 73,000.00 21,900.00 94,900.00
8 4,500.00 1.488 6 250 1500 54,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 6 7,200.00 200 1 8,000.00 73,000.00 21,900.00 94,900.00
9 5,000.00 1.653 7 250 1750 63,000.00 2 4,500.00 7 8,400.00 400 2 16,000.00 91,900.00 27,570.00 119,470.00
10 5,500.00 1.819 8 250 2000 72,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 9,600.00 400 2 16,000.00 102,100.00 30,630.00 132,730.00
11 6,000.00 1.984 8 250 2000 72,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 9,600.00 400 2 16,000.00 102,100.00 30,630.00 132,730.00
12 6,500.00 2.149 9 250 2250 81,000.00 3 7,000.00 9 10,800.00 600 3 24,000.00 122,800.00 36,840.00 159,640.00
13 7,000.00 2.315 10 250 2500 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 12,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 133,000.00 39,900.00 172,900.00
14 7,500.00 2.480 10 250 2500 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 12,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 133,000.00 39,900.00 172,900.00
15 8,000.00 2.646 11 250 2750 99,000.00 3 7,000.00 11 13,200.00 600 3 24,000.00 143,200.00 42,960.00 186,160.00
16 8,500.00 2.811 12 250 3000 108,000.00 3 7,000.00 12 14,400.00 600 3 24,000.00 153,400.00 46,020.00 199,420.00
17 9,000.00 2.976 12 250 3000 108,000.00 3 7,000.00 12 14,400.00 600 3 24,000.00 153,400.00 46,020.00 199,420.00
18 9,500.00 3.142 13 250 3250 117,000.00 4 9,000.00 13 15,600.00 800 4 32,000.00 173,600.00 52,080.00 225,680.00
19 10,000.00 3.307 14 250 3500 126,000.00 4 9,000.00 14 16,800.00 800 4 32,000.00 183,800.00 55,140.00 238,940.00
20 11,000.00 3.638 15 250 3750 135,000.00 4 9,000.00 15 18,000.00 800 4 32,000.00 194,000.00 58,200.00 252,200.00
21 12,000.00 3.968 16 250 4000 144,000.00 4 9,000.00 16 19,200.00 800 4 32,000.00 204,200.00 61,260.00 265,460.00
22 13,000.00 4.299 17 250 4250 153,000.00 5 15,500.00 17 20,400.00 ### 5 40,000.00 228,900.00 68,670.00 297,570.00
23 14,000.00 4.630 19 250 4750 171,000.00 5 15,500.00 19 22,800.00 ### 5 40,000.00 249,300.00 74,790.00 324,090.00
24 15,000.00 4.960 20 250 5000 180,000.00 5 15,500.00 20 24,000.00 ### 5 40,000.00 259,500.00 77,850.00 337,350.00
25 16,000.00 5.291 21 250 5250 189,000.00 6 21,500.00 21 25,200.00 ### 6 48,000.00 283,700.00 85,110.00 368,810.00
26 18,000.00 5.952 24 250 6000 216,000.00 6 21,500.00 24 28,800.00 ### 6 48,000.00 314,300.00 94,290.00 408,590.00
27 19,000.00 6.283 25 250 6250 225,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 25 30,000.00 ### 7 56,000.00 339,000.00 101,700.00 440,700.00
28 20,000.00 6.614 27 250 6750 243,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 27 32,400.00 ### 7 56,000.00 359,400.00 107,820.00 467,220.00
29 21,000.00 6.944 28 250 7000 252,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 28 33,600.00 ### 7 56,000.00 369,600.00 110,880.00 480,480.00
30 22,000.00 7.275 29 250 7250 261,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 29 34,800.00 ### 7 56,000.00 379,800.00 113,940.00 493,740.00
ESTIMATED PAYBACK OF
ROOFTOP SOLAR
 Example: 6 x 250wp, 1.5kw Inverter,
 SCCs, 200AH battery (Item 8)
 Estimated Total Cost: PhP 94,900.00
 Ave.Monthly Billing = PhP 4,500.00
 Payback Period = _PhP 94,900.00___________
 PhP4,500.00 per month x 60%
 = 35 months, or
 = 2 years & 11 months
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

ON GRID
& OFF GRID
SOLAR SYSTEMS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 TYPES SOLAR INSTALLATION


ACCORDING TO CAPACITY
 1. Very Large Power Plants – 3MW to 1000MW
 2. Large Power Plants – 100KW to 2000KW
 3. On Grid Mini Power Plants – Up to 100KW for Net
Metering, 230V/400V/460V, 3-Ph, 60Hz, DUs (like
MECO) pay P4.80 per KWHR exported.
 4. Residential Rooftops – On Grid / Off Grid /
Hybrid (Micro Power Plant) – From 75W to
15KW, 220volts, 1-Phase, 60Hz
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 On Grid or Grid Tied Power Systems –


 The electricity produced by these ON GRID micro solar
systems with inverters which is 220 volts, single phase, 60
hertz (in the Philippines) is synchronized or connected in
parallel to the local electricity grid, i.e. to the..
 1. MERALCO service line in Metro Manila, Rizal, Bulacan, Cavite,
Laguna & some parts of Quezon province
 2. VECO service line in Metro Cebu
 3. Davao Light & Power service line in Metro Davao
 4. BENECO service line in Baguio-Benguet
 5. CEPALCO service line in Cagayan De Oro,
 6. AKELCO service line in Boracay & Aklan, etc…
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Paralleling of Power Systems
 The requirements of paralleling or synchronizing power supply sources are:
 1. The incoming line must have SIMILAR VOLTAGE, i.e. 220 volts, as the
normal power supply.
 2. The incoming line must have SIMILAR FREQUENCY, i.e. 60 Hertz, as the
normal power supply.
 3. The incoming line must have the SIMILAR PHASE SEQUENCE (or rotation)
i.e, (Phase A-B-C or C-B-A), as the normal power supply.
 4. The incoming line must have SIMILAR PHASE ANGLE, i.e. zero phase, as the
normal power supply.
 Note that requirement No.3 is only required for 3 phase power systems and not
applicable to single phase systems. For single phase Grid-Tie inverters, they have a
built in intelligence to parallel itself to the grid. Off Grid inverters have no capability
of automatic paralleling.
 When 2 sources are in parallel, the source that has a slightly higher frequency
setting will deliver its power to the grid. Therefore, Grid Tie inverters are designed
as priority power sources. They have slightly higher frequency settings, i.e. 60.05 to
60.1Hertz or slightly higher.
Paralleling of Solar Inverter
Systems -1
a) Below is a single line b) The below single line diagram
diagram of how to parallel 2 shows another possible way of
micro inverters with the grid how to parallel 2 micro inverters
using isolation transformers with the grid using a sine wave
and a reactor. reference generator.
Paralleling of Off Grid Solar
Inverters -2
This sketch shows
a full line diagram
of a possible way
to parallel two
single phase pure
sine wave off-grid
micro inverters of
the same ratings:
same voltage,
same frequency,
same KW, same
brand or make.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

A SOLAR FARM FEEDING THE GRID


Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

A SOLAR FARM FOR A SPECIFIC LOAD


Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

On Grid or
Grid Tied
Solar System
Any extra energy
produced by this
solar system may
be exported to the
grid or to the
distribution
utility (DU).
www.cabrelli-electrical.co.uk
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Grid Tied Solar System
w/ Back-up.
The system has 2 inverters,
one is Grid Inverter (2) which
can export to the grid. The 2nd
Inverter (6) regularly supplies
the Secured or Essential
Loads (4) from the Batteries
(5). The Transfer Switch (3)
automatically feeds the
Essential Loads to
complement the power from
the battery in case of a brown-
out during sunny days.
www.mysolarshop.co.uk
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 OFF GRID SOLAR SYSTEMS


Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

From www.alibaba.com
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 HYBRID SYSTEM W/ GENERATOR SET

From www.peakprosperity.com
ADVANTAGES OF THE “ON GRID
SOLAR” SYSTEM
 1. It is a kind of a Bayanihan system, meaning
every On Grid user can help bring down the cost
of electricity in the grid.
 2. Your solar energy reduces your electric bill.
 3. Your exported energy may earn money.
 4. It has a shorter payback period, about less than
two and a half years.
 5. Paves way for “SOLARSHARING” by
Engr.Melvin Romano of EASI for coops.
Solar Energy..Free..Limitless..Efficient..Clean..
The excess energy exported to the
grid by ON GRID HOME SOLAR
SYSTEMS could be used to
subsidize the power needs of our
mass transit system. Or solar energy
exporters could be given credits on
their beep cards.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE “ON
GRID SOLAR” SYSTEM
 1. You can only get your free limitless solar energy during sunny
day times. No power is produced at night time. You have to use
more PV panels and storage batteries to extend usage.
 2. Your grid tied inverter shuts off when there is a grid brown-out
or a black-out. A pilot off grid solar or a generator set is needed to
operate again.
 3. When net-metered, micro Grid Tie Inverter (GTI) owners are
short changed, Philippine DUs (like the MECO) pay only less
than half the rate you pay for using the grid supply, Php4.80
vs.Php11+ per KWHR.
 4. And when not registered with the DU, the present digital type
KWHR meter records the solar energy exports as
consumption, hence GTI owners are discouraged to donate free
excess solar energy to the grid.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 ADVANTAGES OF THE “OFF GRID


SOLAR” SYSTEM
 * It can supply power on a 24/7 basis.
 * Not affected by utility interruption – neither a brown-out
or a black-out.
 DISADVANTAGES OF THE “OFF GRID
SOLAR” SYSTEM
 * It is more expensive than an ON GRID system due to
the present expensive cost of batteries.
 * Higher maintenance costs.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 COMPONENTS OF THE SOLAR


SYSTEM:
 1. SOLAR PV PANELS
 2. SOLAR CONTROLLER (90VR)
 3. INVERTER
 4. BATTERIES
 5. BATTERY CHARGER
 6. GENERATOR SET (OPTIONAL)
 7. WIRINGS & CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS
 8. TRANSFER SWITCH FOR OFF GRID TYPE/
 9. TIE-IN BREAKER FOR ON GRID TYPE
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SOLAR POWER
MEASUREMENTS
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 SOLAR POWER MEASUREMENTS


 Ampere is a measure of current flow
 Volt is a measure of the potential difference between 2 lines or
points
 Watt (W) is a measure of Power
– Unit rate of electrical energy
 Ampere x Volt = Watt
 1 Kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts
 Watt-hour (Wh) is a measure of electric energy or consumption
and production
– Watts x hours = Watt-hours
 1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1000 Wh
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DC = Direct Current
PV panels produce
DC voltage,
Batteries store DC
power

AC = Alternating
Current
Utility power,
Most consumer
appliances use AC
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

MEASURING
 INSTRUMENTS..
Clamp-on meter Digital multi-meter

 Never test battery current using a multi-meter!


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SOLAR ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
& DESIGN
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 BASIC FORMULAS/ DESIGN GUIDE


 I = V / R or Amperes = Volts / Ohms
 I=P/V or Amperes = Watts / Volts
 I = KVA * 1000 / V
 I = KW * 1000 / V / PF
 I = HP * 746 / V / PF / Eff’y
 Where:
 PF, power factor = 0.80 for motors;
 = 1.0 for heater and resistive loads
 Eff’y, efficiency of motors = 0.90
 Max.Loading per Circuit Wire: 80% of Ampacity
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PEC-1
ALLOWABLE
AMPACITIES
OF 600 VOLTS
INSULATED
WIRES,
60º C TO 90ºC,
NOT MORE
THAN 3
WIRES IN
CONDUIT,
AMBIENT
TEMP. OF 30ºC
VOLTAGE DROP CALCS
 SHORT CUT FORMULA:
 VD = 2 * K * L * I / Sq.Circular Mils
 Note: This is only for a 2 wire circuit.
 K = a constant, 12 for copper, 18 for Aluminum
 L = Length of circuit in feet
 I = Load in amperes
 Cir.Mils = square of the dia. of wire in mils (1000mils
per inch or 40mils per mm.)
Sample Voltage Drop Calcs..
 Example: The distance of a 300 watts 24 volts PV panel to the
SCC/ Battery/ Inverter is 8 meters. Using 5.5mm2 wires
 (Ampacity = 40 amperes), what is the voltage drop?
 I = 300 watts/ 24 volts = 12.5 amps
 Cross-sectional area of wire: 3.5sq.mm
 D * D = 5.5 * 4 / 3.1416 = 7.0mm
 D = 2.6mm = 2.6 * 40mils / mm = 104mils
 CM = 104 * 104 = 10,854 circular mils
 VD = 2K*L*I / CM
 VD = 2 * 12 * 8 * 3.28 * 12.5 / 10,854 = 0.725 volts
 % VD = 1.81 * 100 / 24 = 3.02
 It barely exceeds the allowable which is 3 percent!
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SOLAR PANEL SPECIFICATIONS

Module Type: BP 275 UL GY 250 M-60 300-180-M


Made: BP SOLAR JIANGYIN GUANGYE SKP GERMANY
Made: PV-Tech Co.,Ltd.
Specifications: Rating: Rating: Rating:

Maximum Power: 75W 250W 300W


Tolerance: 17.0V ± 3%
Open Circuit Voltage: 21.4V 37.4V 21.8V
Short Circuit Current: 4.75A 8.76A 18.33A
Maximum Power Voltage: 30.7V 18.0V
Maximum Power Current: 8.15A 16.6A

Maximum System Voltage: 600V 1,000VDC 1,000V


Nominal Operating Cell Temperature: -47 ± 2˚C 45 ± 3˚C
Temperature Cycling Range: -40˚C to 85˚C
Dimensions: 1,950 X 990 X 45mm
Application Class: CLASS A CLASS A - MONO- SI
Fire Rating: CLASS C CLASS C
Total Dimensions:
a.Lenght: 1,190mm 1,640mm 1,960mm
b.Width: 530mm 1,000mm 1,000mm
c.Thick: 43mm 35mm 45mm
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Calculating the Max.Capacity That


Can Be Installed in a Given Roof…
 … using 250watts PV panels & providing for enough space for
maintenance access (Size: 1640mm long x 1000mm wide):
 Given: 8 meters wide x 15 meters long roofing
 2 slopes, ridge along length
 Maximum solar capacity:
Width: 8 – (2 x .9) / 1M = 6.2, say 6 panels
Length: 15 - (2 x .9) – (5 x .6) / 1.640 = 6.2, say 6 panels
Total no. of panels = 6 x 6 = 36
Capacity : 36 x 250w = 9,000watts or 9KW
Solar
Energy..
Free..
Limitless..
Efficient..
Clean..
PV Panel Possible Connections
 PV panel sources wired in
series
– VOLTAGES ARE ADDITIVE
– CURRENT IS EQUAL
– One interconnection wire is used
between two components
(negative connects with positive)
– Combined modules make series
string
– Leave the series string from a
terminal not used in the series
connection
PV Panel Possible Connections
 PV panel sources wired in parallel:
– VOLTAGE REMAINS CONSTANT
– CURRENTS ARE ADDITIVE
– Two interconnection wires are used between two
components (positive to positive and negative to negative)
– Leave off of either terminal
– Modules exiting to next
component can happen
at any parallel terminal
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-1


 Ex.1. A home has the following loads:
 One (1) Ref, 1/2HP; Two (2) Elec. Fan, 50watts each; One (1) TV, 80watts;
Ten (10) LED lamps, 5watts each
 What min.size of ON GRID solar system in watts is needed? Design the
wiring system.
 1.1 Pref = 746 (0.5) / 0.80pf / 0.9 eff’y = 518 watts
 1.2 Pfan = 2 x 50 / 0.80pf = 125 watts
 1.3 PTV = 80 watts
 1.4 PLED = 10 x 5 = 50 watts
 1.5 Ptotal = 518(1.25) +125 + 80 + 50 = 902.5 watts
 1.6 Pdemand = 902.5 x 80% = 722 watts
 1.7 Use: 3 x 250watts panels, or a total of 750 watts
 1.8 Use: 1000watts inverter with 220volts, 1-ph, 60
Hz output, 12vDC input
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-1a


 Cont’n..
 1.7 For the Solar Controller:
 I = 250watts /12voltsDC = 20.83 amps
 Use: One 60Amps Controller for the 2 panels & One 40Amps Controller
for the 3rd panel
 1.8 Wiring Connections:
 From PV panels to Solar Controllers, I = 20.83Amps
 Use: Two – 3.5sq.mm THWN (30A) Red-Black, each PV panel
 From Solar Controllers to Inverter, Use: 3 sets of 2-3.5sq.mm THWN (90A)
 From Inverter to Tie-breaker: I = 1000watts / 220 volts = 4.54 amps
 Use: 2-2.0sq.mm THWN + 2.0 Ground Wire; Ckt. Prot’n: 15AT/2P CB
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..


Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-2


 Ex.2. A PV array is composed of
eight 250-watt 31.6VDC solar
modules with a 3KW inverter with
220volts, 1-phase, 60Hz output and
48VDC input.
 What size is the solar system in
watts? Capacity in Amps? Design
the wiring system.

 2.1 P = 8 x 250 = 2000watts


 2.2 I = 2000watts /220volts =
 = 9.09 amps capacity
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-2a


 2.3 Size of wires from the PV panels to the Solar Controllers:
 Since the input voltage of the inverter is 48VDC, then the number of
panels in group is: 2 x 31.6V per panel = 63.2VDC
 Ic = 2 x 250W / 48V = 10.41amps
 Use: Two – 3.5sq.mm THWN (30A) Red-Black, for every 2 PV panels
 2.4 Size of wires from the Solar Controllers to Inverter:
 The total charging current is = 4 x 10.41 = 41.67amps
 Ic = 41.67 x 125% = 52.08 amps; Use: 60amps Solar Controller
 Use: Two sets of 2 – 3.5sq.mm THWN (2 x 30A = 60A)
 2.5 Size of wires from Inverter to Tie-breaker; Ic = 9.09 amps;
 Use: 2 – 2.0sq.mm THWN + 2.0 Ground Wire
 Ckt. Prot’n: 15AT/ 2P CB
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3


 Ex.3. Install a PV array for a 4000-watt inverter with 220-volt 1-ph
60Hz output. Input rating is 48 volts DC.
 3.1 Calculate the number of panels, say assuming 300w SKF panels w/
20.8VDC voltage rating,
 # of panels = 4000w / 300w per panel = 13.33
 say use 15panels (divisible by 3s)
 3.2 Since the rating of the inverter is 48VDC, we need at least 3 panels
in series to produce over 48VDC.
 Max.voltage of 3 panels in series is = 2 x 20.8 = 62.4VDC
 Charge controller: to be set at 55.2VDC floating
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3a


 3.3 For the size of wires from 3 panels in series to charge controller =
 = 3 x 300W /48VDC = 18.75amps
 Iw = 18.75 x 1.25 = 23.43amps
 Use : 2 – 3.5 sq.mm THHN (Red – Black); Circuit Protection:
30AT/2P CB
 3.4 Number and Capacity of Charge Controller: 3 x 18.75amps =
56.25amps
 Icc = 56.25 x 1.25 = 70.31amps
 Use: 2 each 40amps controllers each for 3panels, for a total of 10
40amps controllers
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POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3b


 3.5 For the size of wires from controllers to batteries, and from
batteries to inverter:
 Use: 5 sets 2 – 3.5 sq.mm THHN; Over-all protection: 100AT/2P CB
 3.6 For the size of wires to tie inverter to house main panel:
 Iinv = 4000w / 220v = 18.18amps;
 Iw = 18.18 x 1.25 = 22.72amps
 Use: 2 – 3.5sq.mm THHN
 Protection: 30AT/2P CB
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TYP.RISER DIAGRAM-OFF GRID


STORAGE BATTERIES
STORAGE BATTERY CAPACITY
Ampere-hour (Ah) – the stored energy capacity of a battery
indicated by the amount of combined load in amperes and the
length of time until it is fully discharged.
Quantity of electron flow
Used for battery sizing
Amps x hours = Amp-hours (Ah)
Amp-hours x Volts = Watt-hours (Wh)
A 200 Ah Battery delivering 1A will last 200 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 10A will last 20 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 100A will last 2 hours
100 Ah Battery x 12 V = 1200 Wh
USE OF BATTERIES
 BATTERY BASICS  Storage for the
 State of Charge (SOC) night
 Available battery  Storage during
capacity cloudy weather
 Depth of Discharge  Portable power
(DOD)
supply
 Energy taken out of
the battery  Surge Power for
 Efficiency
starting motors
 Energy out/ Energy in
(typically 80-85%)
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 Calculating the Required Battery AH..


 1. Solar operation: 8AM to 5PM – for 9 hours
 2. Battery operation: 5PM to 8AM – for 15 hours
 3. For a 900 watts load, the load in amperes is
 I = 900watts/ 12volts = 75amps
 4. AH = 75amps x 15hours = 1125AH
 5. No. of 200AH batteries = 1125AH / 200AH = 5.625
 Provide allowance for cloudy periods, add 30% capacity
 = 5.625 x 130% = 7.31 units
 Use: Eight (8) units of 200AH batteries
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 Calculating the Required No. of Panels..


 1. Charging amps = 1125AH/ 9hours charging = 125amps
 2. Total watts, 9-hour charging = 125amps x 12volts
 = 1500watts
 3. No. of 250watts solar panels for day charging =
 1500 / 250watts = 6 panels required for charging
 4. No. of 250watts panel for 9-hour day operation =
 900watts / 250watts = 3.6, say 4 panels
 5. Overall total number of 250watts panels required =
 6 + 4 = 10 panels minimum
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 WHAT TYPE OF BATTERIES IS THE


BEST?
 At present, the deep-cycle type, lead-acid batteries are the
most widely used as storage in solar or renewable energy
systems. They are ideally suited for the applications due to
their long, reliable life and low cost. There are many
suppliers/ manufacturers of deep-cycle lead-acid batteries,
it is therefore important to know the technologies, the
performance factors that affect its operation and the life of
the battery.
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 Types of Deep-Cycle Batteries:


 1. Deep-Cycle Flooded Lead Acid (FLA) Batteries
Deep-cycle flooded batteries are the most popular type in
use today in renewable energy systems. They contain an
electrolyte which fully submerges the plates of the battery.
There are several benefits to using flooded batteries, such
as lower cost, longer life, easy maintenance, good
performance when operating at partial states of charge, and
a long proven history of use.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

 Types of Deep-Cycle Batteries:


 2. Deep-Cycle Valve-Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
Batteries (Maintenance-Free)
Deep-cycle VRLA batteries, which include AGM and gel
technologies, are designed to eliminate the need for water
addition and can be used and installed in any position.
They are engineered so that oxygen created by the positive
plates during charging can migrate to the negatives plate
where it is reduced to water, significantly reducing water
loss.
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 Factors Affecting Cost of Batteries:


• Price: A cheap battery is always attractive, but if this is
obtained at the expense of quality and battery life, the cost
over time will be high
• Capacity: This is important since its AH is the amount of
energy that can be stored.
• Voltage: The voltage rating should match the input rating
of the inverter to be used in an AC system or the voltage of
the loads in a DC system.
• Brand: Choosing a company that focuses on deep-cycle
technology with a proven track record of manufacturing
deep-cycle batteries is always a good option.
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 Cycle Life - The Most Important


Consideration
The earlier factors are important but the most important
consideration is the cycle life of the battery. It is the
number of times of discharge/charge cycles the battery can
provide before its capacity drops to a specified percentage
of its rated capacity. Various makers may make batteries
with the same capacity, energy content and maybe similar
in weight, but the design, the materials, the process, and
quality influence how long the battery will cycle.
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 Battery Ratings – Longer Warm Ups


The battery nameplate rating in AMPERE-HOURS is the
fully developed battery capacity. It may take up to 100+
cycles of charging-supplying-charging for a battery to
reach its full capacity. Measuring or testing the battery
capacity at the start after purchase could be misleading. A
battery that is touted to have full capacity at the time of
purchase or one that has reached full capacity after only a
few cycles should not be believed. Batteries with a 100+
cycle or longer warm-up would last longer.
Expected Life of Solar Batteries…

• Starting: 3-12 months


• Marine: 1-6 years
• Golf cart: 2-7 years
• AGM (absorbent glass mat) deep cycle: 4-8 years
• Gelled deep cycle: 2-5 years
• Deep cycle (L-16 type): 4-8 years
• Rolls-Surrette premium deep cycle: 7-15 years
• Industrial deep cycle (Crown & Rolls 4KS): 10-20+ years
• Telephone (float): 2-20 years
• NiFe (alkaline): 5-35 years
• NiCad: 1-20 years
• http://www.solar-electric.com/deep-cycle-battery-faq.html
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SOLAR BATTERY BANKS


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SOLAR
INSTALLATIONS
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INSTALLING THE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM


 It's best to have a solar contractor which employs a licensed electrical
engineer or a licensed master electrician to install the solar system. When
choosing a contractor, ask yourself the following questions:

• Has the company installed grid-connected PV systems? If not, has it


installed off-grid (or stand-alone) PV systems?
• Experience in installing grid-connected systems is valuable because some
elements of the installation -- particularly interconnection with the local
utility—are unique to these systems. However, a competent company with off-
grid PV experience should not be eliminated just because it has not yet
installed grid-connected PV systems. Experience with off-grid systems is
valuable too, because grid-independent systems are more technically complex
than grid-tied systems. (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

• INSTALLING THE SOLAR…


• How many years of experience does the company have
installing PV systems?
• A contractor who has been in business a long time probably
understands how to work with customers and to compete effectively
with other firms. Additionally, this contractor/ installer will probably
be aware of the latest provision of the Philippine Electrical Code
(PEC) and the permitting requirements of the National Building Code
(NBC) regarding the installation of electrical systems including that for
a solar or other renewable energy supply system. All electrical works
including electrical additions, modifications or renovations require the
filing of Electrical Permit with the Office of the Building Official.
• (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
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• INSTALLING THE SOLAR…


• Is the company properly licensed or certified?
• PV systems should be installed by an appropriately licensed
contractor. This usually means that either the installer or a
subcontractor has a PRC electrical professional license or a PCAB
license. You can check with the website of the PRC if whether a
person has a valid electrical engineer’s or master electrician's
license, or check with PCAB if a contractor is licensed or not.
In addition to being properly licensed, installers must
demonstrate that they have special knowledge about installing PV
systems. (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
• Special knowledge can be demonstrated through certification by the
solar industry and/or trade associations, eg. SOLARSAFE
PHILIPPINES, MEPF ENGINEERS, etc.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

• INSTALLING THE SOLAR…


 It is always a good idea to get more than one bid for the
installation of your PV system. Make sure that all bids are made on the
same basis. For example, a bid for a system mounted on the ground is
usually very different from another bid for a rooftop system.
 Similarly, some PV modules generate more electricity per square
meter than others. Bids should clearly state the maximum generating
capacity of the system -- measured in Watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). If
possible, have the bids specify the system capacity in "AC Watts"
(alternating current) under a standard set of test conditions, or specify
the output of the system at the inverter. Also request an estimate of the
amount of energy that the system will produce on an annual basis
(measured in kilowatt-hours).
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• INSTALLING THE SOLAR…


 Because the amount of energy depends on the amount
of sunlight -- which varies by location, season, and year to
year – it is unlikely that the contractor will quote a specific
figure, but a range of within plus or minus 20% is realistic.
Bids also should include the total cost of getting the PV
system up and running, including hardware, installation,
connection to the grid, permitting, taxes, and warranty.
 (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
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• INSTALLING THE SOLAR…


 The warranty is also a very important factor for
evaluating bids. You may require that system be covered
by a one-year or two-year or three-year parts-and-labor
written installation warranty, for example, in addition to
any manufacturers' warranties on specific components
(including inverter and module warranties). The installer
may offer longer warranties. Also ask yourself, "Will this
company stand behind the full-system warranty for the
next two or three years?"
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TYPICAL MOUNTING …
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ADEQUATELY SECURE MOUNTING …


 It should be emphasized here that when solar systems are to be
installed in areas where the typhoon is usually within the initial path of
super typhoons, eg. along the eastern seaboard of the country,
including the provinces of Samar, Leyte, Biliran, Batanes, Cagayan,
Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Quezon, Catanduanes, Camarines Norte,
Camarines Sur, Albay, Sorsogon, Surigao Del Sur, Surigao Del Norte,
Davao Oriental, among others, structural support and mountings must
be certified to be adequate for 350 KPH winds (as in Super Typhoon
Yolanda in November 2013).
 Wind load calculations must be made to determine the size of
concrete foundations for PV arrays, as well as the minimum size of
mounting bolts/nuts. A certification of civil/structural engineer maybe
required here.
Optimum
Orientation of PV
Panels
 In the Philippines, the optimum
tilt of the panels should be
approximately equal to the
latitude x 0.87.
 The Philippines is located
between the latitude 4deg.N
(Tawi-tawi) to 21deg.N
(Batanes) North of the Equator.
 The NCR is approximately at
14 deg.N, so for Metro Manila,
the optimum tilt of panels is 12
deg., facing South.
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TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
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TYPICAL MOUNTING …
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
- Using EMT Pipes
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WIRINGS FROM PV PANELS TO CHARGE


CONTROLLER TO BATTERIES/ INVERTER…
CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
MUST
BE
PROVIDED
IN
BETWEEN
DEVICES!
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BATTERIES, INVERTER & CHARGER…


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MANUAL TRANSFER SWITCHES,


FOR THE OFF GRID, TO SELECT CONNECTION
FROM SOLAR OR FROM UTILITY SUPPLY…
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Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)


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MAINTENANCE
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MAINTAINING THE SOLAR SYSTEM


As with any mechanical or electrical appliance, PV systems require
routine, periodic maintenance. System components may also need
repair or replacement from time to time.
An efficient and long-lasting system will depend on a periodic
check of system components and completion of any preventive
maintenance as necessary. Talk with your system installer about
routine and periodic maintenance. In the event of a system
malfunction, effective troubleshooting and repair is necessary.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Maintenance of Solar Panels


1. Thoroughly clean the top surfaces of solar PV panels of
dust and/or dirt accumulations. This should be done
weekly in a dusty environment especially during the
summer months, and maybe done monthly or as
necessary during the rainy season. A soft cotton cloth
should be used to do this.
2. Regularly check/ monitor the output voltage of the
solar panels.
3. Check all DC wirings from the panels to the solar
controllers and the respective circuit breakers.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Maintenance of Solar Controllers/Chargers


1. Clean all dust and/or dirt accumulations from controller.
2. Clean all vent openings and ensure that they are free from
obstructions.
3. Check terminals and connections for tightness. Check all
relays, lights, and other indicating devices for proper
operation.
4. If all battery cells consistently read low, check
controller/charger for proper operation. If electrolyte levels
are low, check charger rate settings against the
manufacturer’s specifications. Consistently low levels may
indicate the charge rate is too fast.
Maintenance of Batteries
1. Thoroughly clean all battery surfaces of dust and/or dirt
accumulations.
2. Clean and tighten all terminal connections. Remove any
corrosion on battery terminals with bicarbonate of soda.
3. Clean battery studs and cable ends.
4. On stranded cable, if ends are corroded, cut off ends or
separate strands and clean internally.
5. Check electrolyte levels and specific gravity. Variations
of more than fifty (50) points between cells may indicate a
bad cell.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Maintenance of Inverters
1. Thoroughly clean the top and side surfaces of solar
controllers and inverters of dust and/or dirt
accumulations, using vacuum cleaners.
2. Regularly check/monitor the DC input voltage reading
and the AC voltage output of the inverters.
3. Regularly check/ monitor the temperature of the inverters
by touching their heat sink and/or enclosure.
4. Check all DC and AC wirings and all circuit breaker
protections.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

Outsource Maintenance Service


You may be able to carry out many routine inspections
and maintenance tasks yourself. If, however, you are not
the do-it-yourself type, or if there is a major problem
with your system, you will need to locate a professional
to do the work.

The following pages is a partial list of SOLARSAFE


group installers/ maintainers of home solar systems. You
may contact the one near your locality.
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-1
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016

NCR & Rizal

Asuncion, Victor, 09175003576, Antipolo, hunterasuncion@gmail.com

Banayad, Chito chilab2005@yahoo.com

Barrameda, Joel RME/REE; jbbarrameda@yahoo.com, Land Bank of the Phils.

Cabreza, Lito tolitscc@yahoo.com

Calpotura, Karlo REE 0023452/ RME 0019171, karlocalpotura@yahoo.com

Carias, Leo S., 09178691126, Anonas St., Sta. Mesa, Manila, leoscarias@gmail.com

Cericos, Reydemto P RPCericos Inc., REE 12893, 09989988195, rpce_electrik@yahoo.com, GVR Imelda ave cor Vista
Verde Cainta Rizal

Chua, Gerry Solar Pinoy, Boni Serrano Ave, Crame, QC, 09228943779

Cruz, Ricardo REE; 09284355594; ricardocruz2006@yahoo.com


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-2
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

NCR & Rizal

Cruz,Timothy Joseph C. REE 49450, Sangandaan,Caloocan, 09214738428, imothyjoseph.cruz@yahoo.com.ph

Cuasay, Elmer C. RME 12320, elmerccuasay2gmail.com. +16919205459

De Guzman, Mike Solaric Phils, 09178613173

De Manuel, Leoncio,Jr; REE-43285, 2198 Fidel Reyes St, Malate,Manila,09232850290/jr_hlander@yahoo.com

Elecol Engineering Marikina City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582

Estardo, Leonel Calinawan Antipolo city, 09055962592, estardo_leonel11@yahoo.com

Evangelista, Jun M ame_architects27@yahoo.com

Fajardo, Leo REE, Elecol Engineering, Marikina City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582

Factor, Roselyn S. 46703 unit 5c lot 6 Teodora Cmpd Bambang Pasig 09182028827 rfactor@rocketmail.com

Feliciano, Mick, kuyogbubuyog@ymail.com solar enthusiast

Ferrer, Jun REE, dzune_1129@yahoo.com


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-3
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

NCR & Rizal

FEMP Safety Engineering 0943 0616 215/ 0929 555 2508, Tel (02) 646 95 16, pldt mobile (02) 73 69 159

Guevarra, Elmer ECE 019003, 470 Talipapa St. Caybiga Cal, 09499368567; (02) 7347345, guevarra.electronics@gmail.com

Ilustre, Wilchor, RME, Novaliches QC / whil_006@ymail.com

Javier, Rollie RME, 09257111691; j.rollie@yahoo.com

Lopez, Rick Jorge rjorgelopez43295@gmail.com

Malpaya, Junji, Quezon City, 09174493175, jiemalpaya@gmail.com

Mirando, Efren, caser, 09179783455, efrenmcaser@yahoo.com

Moctar, Cosarie M. REE49060/ RME39369, Pasig City, cosariem@yahoo.com, 09265644479

Nimis, Nestor, nestor@presguam.com

Ole, Frederick REE; 09213701962; frederick_ole@yahoo.com

Pangilinan, Jerry 09177975357, jrpangilinan@globe.com.ph

Rosal, Pepito Jr. REE, pepitorosaljr@gmail.com, Caloocan City


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-4
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

NCR & Rizal

Pangilinan, Phil REE, 09327188778

Peralta, Cornelio peralta_cornelio@yahoo.com

Peralta, ruel, Calbayog st. Mandaluyong city, 09223925775, ruelperalta_80@yahoo.com

Prilles, Nelson nbprilles@yahoo.com

Roldan, Neil supplier of deep-cycle batteries, 09174475988

Romano, Melvin REE, 09157938239, Marikina City – “SOLARSHARING”

Salacup, Julius REE 47599, julius_salacup@yahoo.com, Talon 3, Las Pinas City, 09271508577
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-5
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

NCR & Rizal

Sanchez, Claro PEE003325, claroboys@gmail.com 626-A Sancho Panza St. Sampaloc Manila

San Jose, Jerry, Solar Risk Management & Insurance, gerry_sanjose2000@yahoo.com

Santiago, Laila 09473141403, Eastwood Greenview, Montalban,,gilbertlailasantiago.commercial@gmail.com

Sayson, Elmer Architect 23504, sayson.architects@gmail.com

Sorita, Manuel Jr. Sta Barbara Villas1 Silangan San Mateo Riz 09223400679/09206787869, mdsoritajr2000@yahoo.com

Sumayang, Joel M joelsumayang@yahoo.com.ph QC

Vargas, Ariel M arielmvargas@gmail.com

Villacorta, Benjie N REE 794/ benjienv@yahoo.com, Malabon City


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-6
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

Northern Luzon

Abad, Jaime R REE; 09062512573, Baguio City, j_r_abad@yahoo.com

Binay-an, Julius REE/RME, 36738 / 30935; Loakan, Baguio City; 09485377879; jholz1248@outlook.com

Manipon, Melanie, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya; REE-42610, mhelmanipon@yahoo.com

Palmares, Jose, Jr, 09177338282, 25 pine st. Rosales Pang., Josepalmaresjr@yahoo.com

Central Luzon

De Leon, Crisanto DA, 187 Brgy Dampol, Plaridel, Bulacan, 3004, email add: chris_ngcindustrial@yahoo.com

Laquindanum, Arnel P PEE/ RMP, 09329850810 / arnhelle@yahoo.com.ph, Malolos, Bulacan

Remegio, Joel E RME, jremegio@yahoo.com Meycauayan, Bulacan; 0939 606 4467

Salamanca, Chrysler A, REE 0028520/ RME 0023955, Poblacion Sur, Mayantoc, Tarlac, +63 919 570 7425
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-7
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

Southern Luzon

Agellon, Irome Harize O. RME, iromeharize@gmail.com, 09464019548, Mabitac, Laguna

Ansay, Jaime U, B2 L12 ceris 3, canlubang, calamba, laguna, 09294344468, jaimeansay @ yahoo.com

Balatucan, Abner B. Jr. RME 0025898.Blk.26 lot 24 Amaia Scapes Laguna, Barandal Calamba, balatucanjr.abner@yahooo.com, 09296012402

Bandao, Mohamadzali G REE 0031558, Sta. Cruz, Laguna, 09062735256, janmczeal@yahoo.com.ph

Barlaan, Romeo D 110 dao st. 4c San Jose Village Binan, Laguna, romy_barlaan@yahoo.com, 09212412398

Corpuz, Arnel REE / RMP; 09175284635; Pacita Biñan, Laguna; arnelcorpuz@gmail.com

Daraug, Jeffrey, Dasmarinas, Cavite, 09097010222, jpdsolarhertz@gmail.com

Daraug, Romulo M Sunnycrest Vill.Salitran-2 Dasmarinas,Cavite, RME 009256, daraugrmsolarhertz@gmail.com, LL : 046 4819 033

De Leon, Irwin Ponce, 470 rizal ave..puerto princesa city, Irwinponcedeleon@yahoo.com

Ducay, Mhon T RME/RGE, filomenoducay@gmail.com, +639753304504, Cavite

Opilla, Ernesto T REE 21616, CEL #09169757699, Cavite

Pulanco,Ramil Nicodemus RME 39243, rialmp2000@gmail.com, blk 61 lot 34 Palao Canlubang 4028 Calamba city, 09053384822

Recto, Precious RCE, pjbrecto@gmail.com, Lucban, Quezon

Safred, Donato, RME #018852/ RMP, Tayabas, Quezon


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-8
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

Bicol Region

Barrameda, Joel RME/REE, jbbarrameda@yahoo.com, Bacacay, Albay

Bugtong, Jigger F REE, Naga City, 09175802138/ 09228602716

Elecol Engineering Naga City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582

Fajardo, Leo REE, Naga City, 09175803348; ; 09255111144; 09088200582

Flores, Casimiro, Jr., RME; clfjr2005@yahoo.com, OSH Safety Practitioner/ Safety Officer/ Naga City

Lorenzana,Mary Marlyn B. CE/ Daet, Camarines Norte ; mmm_ebl@yahoo.com.ph

Pahugot, Clifford RME 0037348, Aroroy, Masbate, fordcliff4d@yahoo.com 09272340845

Romano, Melvin REE, 09157938239, Albay – “SOLARSHARING”

San Andres, Balbino, Jr., Naga City, Camarines Sur, balbinoree@yahoo.com


PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-9
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..

Western Visayas/ Central Visayas/ Eastern Visayas

Canu-og, Niel B REE 13808, nielcanuog@yahoo.com; 0922-8475185; Cebu, City

Caragos, Melmar RME, MDC Electrical Supplies & Services, Roxas City, Capiz...mdc_1023@yahoo.com

Gambuta, Martin C RME-37865, CPG East Ave. Tagbilaran City, arch.martin_gambuta@yahoo.com, 09468753551

Osano, Chris 12 V. Aldecoa Road, Dumaguete City, 09287589020, osano_888@yahoo.com

Olavario, Blandino, Jr, 09061679107, Calbyog City, Samar

Viñas, Darwin CE/RMP; Oslob, Cebu; darwinvinas@ymail.com; 09436441617

Western/ Northern/ Southern Mindanao

Asa, Abdulnor A. REE/ RME; NPC Jolo DPP Jolo Sulu...aaa_nur_asa@yahoo.com

Bagamano, Ramil PEE, Bukidnon/ Davao; 0922 8700 698

Dalena, Neil S. Farmers Drive, Gov Ramos Ave. Brgy. Sta Maria, Zamboanga City +63 917 555 8984

Madahan, Bienvenido C Compostela Valley, Davao, 09489317399

Recto, Precious RCE, pjbrecto@gmail.com, Bukidnon

Saavedra, Bobby Zamboanga City, 0917 559 1796; 0918 921 6578
Thank you & Good luck!

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