Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Our countrymen
missed the chance
to benefit from a
cheap energy
(PhP2.40/ KWHR)
supposedly from
the Bataan Nuclear
Power Plant in the
late 80s and 90s.
Now, we should
not miss this free,
limitless, efficient
and clean energy
from solar PV
panels.
The Mothballed 600MW Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
History of Cost of
Electricity (Residential) Can you think
1960s > P2+ per KWHR of a possible
1970s > P3+ per KWHR way to reduce
1980s > P4+ per KWHR
the cost of
1990s > P7-8+ per KWHR
2000s > P9-10+ per KWHR
electricity in
2010s > P11-13+ per KWHR the years to
2020s > P14-18+ ??? come?
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
(From: Wikipedia)
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Philippines ??????
Phil Cumulative Solar Plants,
as of April 2016
300 MW by Ecoglobal in Zamboanga EcoZone (under construction);
30 MW by Phil. Solar Farm Leyte;
22 MW by Sindicatum Renewable in Mabalacat;
25 MW by Citycor Power in Silay City, Negros Occ.;
28.6MW by Efinity in Digos;
45 MW by SACASOL in San Carlos City, Negros Occ.;
80 MW by ISLASOL in Negros Occ.;
2 MW by ADI in Batangas;
4.1MW by EDC in Bangui, Ilocos Norte;
63.3MW by Solar Phils in Calatagan, Batangas;
10 MW by Raslag in Mexico, Pampanga;
8.6 MW by Valenzuela Solar in Valenzuela City;
20 MW by MIRAE in Currimao, Ilocos Norte
132.5MW by Cadiz Solar in Cadiz City, Negros Occ.;
50 MW by Solar Phils in Tarlac
1.5 MW by Solar Phils at SM North EDSA, QC;
0.7 KW by Solar Phils at Binan Mall;
1.1 MW by CEPALCO in Cagayan De Oro
824.4MW+
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR
ENERGY
1. High Initial Cost? – although the trend is the cost is
rapidly going down
2. Reduced Reliability? – it is useless during night time
and reduced output when cloudy
3. Low Efficiency of Energy Conversion – only up to
40% sunlight are converted to energy
4. Large Area Needed? – Large area needed for big
energy users such as manufacturing plants
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
1. PRICE? BUT WHAT’S THE PRICE TREND?
We bought a 75-watt solar panel made by BP or British Petroleum in 2009,
a surplus from previous cellsite installations by a contractor, the cost was
PhP19,000.00 per the 75-watt panel (PhP76,000 for a 300watts equivalent).
Recently (2015), we purchased a 300-watt panel made by SKF of Germany
with a cost of PhP11,000.00 per the 300-watt panel.
Recently, this November 2015, we again purchased 300-watt panels made in
Germany with a price of PhP9,800 per the 300-watt panel.
The reduction in cost of PV panels within the 6-year period from 2009 to
2015 is over seven-fold.
Year 2009 2011 2013 2014 Feb 2015 Nov 2015 Jan 2016
Price P76,000/ - - P14,000/ P11,000/ P9,800/ P9,600/
The increasing demand for PV panels will bring down the cost lower and
lower until each home has its own.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
2. REDUCED RELIABILITY? HERE
ARE SOME WAYS TO INCREASE IT
1. On-Grid Use – surplus energy from solar roof tops
can be used by others in the grid.
2. Use of Storage Batteries – adequate storage
capacity ensures 24/7 supply.
3. Combination Use w/ Other RE Sources, i.e. Wind
Mills in windy farms and in tall buildings.
4. Combination Use of Pump-Storage Hydro
System, i.e. Kalayaan Pump Storage Hydro PP
Typical Pump-Storage Hydro PP
Excess solar
energy in the grid
during daytime
can be used to
pump water to
the upper basin;
Reverse process
is done at night
time to supply
energy to the
grid.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
3. ON LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
First Generation – Single Junction Silicon Cells
• Single crystal silicon - 16-19% efficiency
• Multi-crystal silicon - 14-15% efficiency
Second Generation – Thin Film Cells
The most successful second generation materials have been
cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide
(CIGS), amorphous silicon and micro-morphous silicon.
• CdTe – 8 – 11% efficiency (18% demonstrated)
• CIGS – 7-11% efficiency (20% demonstrated)
Third Generation – Multi-junction Cells
• Current research is targeting conversion efficiencies of
30-60% (30% efficiency at present, with 40-43%
demonstrated)
• The Conversion Efficiency is continuously improving…
World’s Most Efficient Solar Cells
CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY
44.4% efficient solar cells by Sharp held the overall efficiency record for triple-junction
(concentrator) solar cells.
32.6% efficient solar cells by a Spanish solar research institute (IES) and university (UPM),
in the two-junction, concentrator solar cell category.
http://www2.doe.gov.ph/Presentations/Visayas%20Power%20Summit%20-%20April%2026.pdf
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
EVENTUAL EFFECT OF HOME ROOF
SOLAR ENERGY TO THE ECONOMY
1. FREE SUN ENERGYTO 4. DISTRIBUTION
EVERY HOME/ROOF. UTILITIES/ TOLLWAYS
TO LOWER THEIR
2. ANY EXCESS CHARGES, TOO.
ENERGY FROM SOLAR
EXPORTED TO THE 5. THE COST PER KWHR
GRID. OF ELECTRICITY WILL
GO DOWN GRADUALLY.
3. DUE TO THE FREE
ENERGY TO THE GRID, 6. MORE INVESTORS
POWER PLANTS (IPPs) WILL COME TO PUT
WILL BE FORCED TO
UP FACTORIES IN
LOWER THEIR PRICES.
OUR COUNTRY!
ESTIMATED COSTS OF HOME
ROOFTOP SOLAR (Off Grid)
SOLAR POWER GENERATOR PRICE MATRIX - Jan 2016
Mo.Billing Min.Kw Qtty of Panel Total PV Cost of PV Inv. Cost of Inv No.of Cost of Batt No.of Cost of Direct Cost Install'n Total
Ave,PhP Capacity Panels KW Watts Panels KW Cost of Inv SCC SCCs AH Batt Batt Eqpt Cost Cost
1 1,000.00 0.331 2 250 500 18,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,400.00 200 1 8,000.00 31,400.00 10,990.00 42,390.00
2 1,500.00 0.496 2 250 500 18,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,400.00 200 1 8,000.00 31,400.00 10,990.00 42,390.00
3 2,000.00 0.661 3 250 750 27,000.00 1 3,000.00 3 3,600.00 200 1 8,000.00 41,600.00 14,560.00 56,160.00
4 2,500.00 0.827 4 250 1000 36,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,800.00 200 1 8,000.00 51,800.00 15,540.00 67,340.00
5 3,000.00 0.992 4 250 1000 36,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,800.00 200 1 8,000.00 51,800.00 15,540.00 67,340.00
6 3,500.00 1.157 5 250 1250 45,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 5 6,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 62,800.00 18,840.00 81,640.00
7 4,000.00 1.323 6 250 1500 54,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 6 7,200.00 200 1 8,000.00 73,000.00 21,900.00 94,900.00
8 4,500.00 1.488 6 250 1500 54,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 6 7,200.00 200 1 8,000.00 73,000.00 21,900.00 94,900.00
9 5,000.00 1.653 7 250 1750 63,000.00 2 4,500.00 7 8,400.00 400 2 16,000.00 91,900.00 27,570.00 119,470.00
10 5,500.00 1.819 8 250 2000 72,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 9,600.00 400 2 16,000.00 102,100.00 30,630.00 132,730.00
11 6,000.00 1.984 8 250 2000 72,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 9,600.00 400 2 16,000.00 102,100.00 30,630.00 132,730.00
12 6,500.00 2.149 9 250 2250 81,000.00 3 7,000.00 9 10,800.00 600 3 24,000.00 122,800.00 36,840.00 159,640.00
13 7,000.00 2.315 10 250 2500 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 12,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 133,000.00 39,900.00 172,900.00
14 7,500.00 2.480 10 250 2500 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 12,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 133,000.00 39,900.00 172,900.00
15 8,000.00 2.646 11 250 2750 99,000.00 3 7,000.00 11 13,200.00 600 3 24,000.00 143,200.00 42,960.00 186,160.00
16 8,500.00 2.811 12 250 3000 108,000.00 3 7,000.00 12 14,400.00 600 3 24,000.00 153,400.00 46,020.00 199,420.00
17 9,000.00 2.976 12 250 3000 108,000.00 3 7,000.00 12 14,400.00 600 3 24,000.00 153,400.00 46,020.00 199,420.00
18 9,500.00 3.142 13 250 3250 117,000.00 4 9,000.00 13 15,600.00 800 4 32,000.00 173,600.00 52,080.00 225,680.00
19 10,000.00 3.307 14 250 3500 126,000.00 4 9,000.00 14 16,800.00 800 4 32,000.00 183,800.00 55,140.00 238,940.00
20 11,000.00 3.638 15 250 3750 135,000.00 4 9,000.00 15 18,000.00 800 4 32,000.00 194,000.00 58,200.00 252,200.00
21 12,000.00 3.968 16 250 4000 144,000.00 4 9,000.00 16 19,200.00 800 4 32,000.00 204,200.00 61,260.00 265,460.00
22 13,000.00 4.299 17 250 4250 153,000.00 5 15,500.00 17 20,400.00 ### 5 40,000.00 228,900.00 68,670.00 297,570.00
23 14,000.00 4.630 19 250 4750 171,000.00 5 15,500.00 19 22,800.00 ### 5 40,000.00 249,300.00 74,790.00 324,090.00
24 15,000.00 4.960 20 250 5000 180,000.00 5 15,500.00 20 24,000.00 ### 5 40,000.00 259,500.00 77,850.00 337,350.00
25 16,000.00 5.291 21 250 5250 189,000.00 6 21,500.00 21 25,200.00 ### 6 48,000.00 283,700.00 85,110.00 368,810.00
26 18,000.00 5.952 24 250 6000 216,000.00 6 21,500.00 24 28,800.00 ### 6 48,000.00 314,300.00 94,290.00 408,590.00
27 19,000.00 6.283 25 250 6250 225,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 25 30,000.00 ### 7 56,000.00 339,000.00 101,700.00 440,700.00
28 20,000.00 6.614 27 250 6750 243,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 27 32,400.00 ### 7 56,000.00 359,400.00 107,820.00 467,220.00
29 21,000.00 6.944 28 250 7000 252,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 28 33,600.00 ### 7 56,000.00 369,600.00 110,880.00 480,480.00
30 22,000.00 7.275 29 250 7250 261,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 29 34,800.00 ### 7 56,000.00 379,800.00 113,940.00 493,740.00
ESTIMATED PAYBACK OF
ROOFTOP SOLAR
Example: 6 x 250wp, 1.5kw Inverter,
SCCs, 200AH battery (Item 8)
Estimated Total Cost: PhP 94,900.00
Ave.Monthly Billing = PhP 4,500.00
Payback Period = _PhP 94,900.00___________
PhP4,500.00 per month x 60%
= 35 months, or
= 2 years & 11 months
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
ON GRID
& OFF GRID
SOLAR SYSTEMS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
On Grid or
Grid Tied
Solar System
Any extra energy
produced by this
solar system may
be exported to the
grid or to the
distribution
utility (DU).
www.cabrelli-electrical.co.uk
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Grid Tied Solar System
w/ Back-up.
The system has 2 inverters,
one is Grid Inverter (2) which
can export to the grid. The 2nd
Inverter (6) regularly supplies
the Secured or Essential
Loads (4) from the Batteries
(5). The Transfer Switch (3)
automatically feeds the
Essential Loads to
complement the power from
the battery in case of a brown-
out during sunny days.
www.mysolarshop.co.uk
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
From www.alibaba.com
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
From www.peakprosperity.com
ADVANTAGES OF THE “ON GRID
SOLAR” SYSTEM
1. It is a kind of a Bayanihan system, meaning
every On Grid user can help bring down the cost
of electricity in the grid.
2. Your solar energy reduces your electric bill.
3. Your exported energy may earn money.
4. It has a shorter payback period, about less than
two and a half years.
5. Paves way for “SOLARSHARING” by
Engr.Melvin Romano of EASI for coops.
Solar Energy..Free..Limitless..Efficient..Clean..
The excess energy exported to the
grid by ON GRID HOME SOLAR
SYSTEMS could be used to
subsidize the power needs of our
mass transit system. Or solar energy
exporters could be given credits on
their beep cards.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE “ON
GRID SOLAR” SYSTEM
1. You can only get your free limitless solar energy during sunny
day times. No power is produced at night time. You have to use
more PV panels and storage batteries to extend usage.
2. Your grid tied inverter shuts off when there is a grid brown-out
or a black-out. A pilot off grid solar or a generator set is needed to
operate again.
3. When net-metered, micro Grid Tie Inverter (GTI) owners are
short changed, Philippine DUs (like the MECO) pay only less
than half the rate you pay for using the grid supply, Php4.80
vs.Php11+ per KWHR.
4. And when not registered with the DU, the present digital type
KWHR meter records the solar energy exports as
consumption, hence GTI owners are discouraged to donate free
excess solar energy to the grid.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
SOLAR POWER
MEASUREMENTS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
DC = Direct Current
PV panels produce
DC voltage,
Batteries store DC
power
AC = Alternating
Current
Utility power,
Most consumer
appliances use AC
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS..
Clamp-on meter Digital multi-meter
SOLAR ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
& DESIGN
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
PEC-1
ALLOWABLE
AMPACITIES
OF 600 VOLTS
INSULATED
WIRES,
60º C TO 90ºC,
NOT MORE
THAN 3
WIRES IN
CONDUIT,
AMBIENT
TEMP. OF 30ºC
VOLTAGE DROP CALCS
SHORT CUT FORMULA:
VD = 2 * K * L * I / Sq.Circular Mils
Note: This is only for a 2 wire circuit.
K = a constant, 12 for copper, 18 for Aluminum
L = Length of circuit in feet
I = Load in amperes
Cir.Mils = square of the dia. of wire in mils (1000mils
per inch or 40mils per mm.)
Sample Voltage Drop Calcs..
Example: The distance of a 300 watts 24 volts PV panel to the
SCC/ Battery/ Inverter is 8 meters. Using 5.5mm2 wires
(Ampacity = 40 amperes), what is the voltage drop?
I = 300 watts/ 24 volts = 12.5 amps
Cross-sectional area of wire: 3.5sq.mm
D * D = 5.5 * 4 / 3.1416 = 7.0mm
D = 2.6mm = 2.6 * 40mils / mm = 104mils
CM = 104 * 104 = 10,854 circular mils
VD = 2K*L*I / CM
VD = 2 * 12 * 8 * 3.28 * 12.5 / 10,854 = 0.725 volts
% VD = 1.81 * 100 / 24 = 3.02
It barely exceeds the allowable which is 3 percent!
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
SOLAR PANEL SPECIFICATIONS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
SOLAR
INSTALLATIONS
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
TYPICAL MOUNTING …
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
TYPICAL MOUNTING …
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
- Using EMT Pipes
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
MAINTENANCE
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Maintenance of Inverters
1. Thoroughly clean the top and side surfaces of solar
controllers and inverters of dust and/or dirt
accumulations, using vacuum cleaners.
2. Regularly check/monitor the DC input voltage reading
and the AC voltage output of the inverters.
3. Regularly check/ monitor the temperature of the inverters
by touching their heat sink and/or enclosure.
4. Check all DC and AC wirings and all circuit breaker
protections.
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
Carias, Leo S., 09178691126, Anonas St., Sta. Mesa, Manila, leoscarias@gmail.com
Cericos, Reydemto P RPCericos Inc., REE 12893, 09989988195, rpce_electrik@yahoo.com, GVR Imelda ave cor Vista
Verde Cainta Rizal
Chua, Gerry Solar Pinoy, Boni Serrano Ave, Crame, QC, 09228943779
Fajardo, Leo REE, Elecol Engineering, Marikina City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582
Factor, Roselyn S. 46703 unit 5c lot 6 Teodora Cmpd Bambang Pasig 09182028827 rfactor@rocketmail.com
FEMP Safety Engineering 0943 0616 215/ 0929 555 2508, Tel (02) 646 95 16, pldt mobile (02) 73 69 159
Guevarra, Elmer ECE 019003, 470 Talipapa St. Caybiga Cal, 09499368567; (02) 7347345, guevarra.electronics@gmail.com
Salacup, Julius REE 47599, julius_salacup@yahoo.com, Talon 3, Las Pinas City, 09271508577
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-5
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..
Sanchez, Claro PEE003325, claroboys@gmail.com 626-A Sancho Panza St. Sampaloc Manila
Sorita, Manuel Jr. Sta Barbara Villas1 Silangan San Mateo Riz 09223400679/09206787869, mdsoritajr2000@yahoo.com
Northern Luzon
Binay-an, Julius REE/RME, 36738 / 30935; Loakan, Baguio City; 09485377879; jholz1248@outlook.com
Central Luzon
De Leon, Crisanto DA, 187 Brgy Dampol, Plaridel, Bulacan, 3004, email add: chris_ngcindustrial@yahoo.com
Salamanca, Chrysler A, REE 0028520/ RME 0023955, Poblacion Sur, Mayantoc, Tarlac, +63 919 570 7425
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFE
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-7
SOLARSAFE DIRECTORY, as of January 2016, continuation..
Southern Luzon
Ansay, Jaime U, B2 L12 ceris 3, canlubang, calamba, laguna, 09294344468, jaimeansay @ yahoo.com
Balatucan, Abner B. Jr. RME 0025898.Blk.26 lot 24 Amaia Scapes Laguna, Barandal Calamba, balatucanjr.abner@yahooo.com, 09296012402
Barlaan, Romeo D 110 dao st. 4c San Jose Village Binan, Laguna, romy_barlaan@yahoo.com, 09212412398
Daraug, Romulo M Sunnycrest Vill.Salitran-2 Dasmarinas,Cavite, RME 009256, daraugrmsolarhertz@gmail.com, LL : 046 4819 033
Pulanco,Ramil Nicodemus RME 39243, rialmp2000@gmail.com, blk 61 lot 34 Palao Canlubang 4028 Calamba city, 09053384822
Bicol Region
Flores, Casimiro, Jr., RME; clfjr2005@yahoo.com, OSH Safety Practitioner/ Safety Officer/ Naga City
Caragos, Melmar RME, MDC Electrical Supplies & Services, Roxas City, Capiz...mdc_1023@yahoo.com
Gambuta, Martin C RME-37865, CPG East Ave. Tagbilaran City, arch.martin_gambuta@yahoo.com, 09468753551
Dalena, Neil S. Farmers Drive, Gov Ramos Ave. Brgy. Sta Maria, Zamboanga City +63 917 555 8984
Saavedra, Bobby Zamboanga City, 0917 559 1796; 0918 921 6578
Thank you & Good luck!