• Happens when individuals interact, negotiate, and
create meanings while bringing in their varied cultural backgrounds. • Pertains to communication among people from different nationalities. • Communication that is influenced by different ethnicities, religions, and sexual orientations. • Sending and receiving of messages across languages and cultures. THE DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY STAGE 1: DENIAL
• The individual does not recognize cultural differences.
Ex. “All cities are the same, they all have tall buildings, fast food chains, and coffee shops.” STAGE 2: DEFENSE
• The individual starts to recognize cultural differences and is
intimidated by them, resulting in either a superior view on own culture or an unjustified high regard for the new one.
• Ex. “This culture does not view life the way we do; our culture is certainly better.”
“Their ways are better than my own; I wish I were one of
them.” STAGE 3: MINIMIZATION
• Although individuals see cultural differences, they bank
more on the universality of ideas rather than on cultural differences.
Ex. “Once we see through the cultural differences, we
really are just the same!” STAGE 4: ACCEPTANCE
• The individual begins to appreciate important cultural
differences in behaviors and eventually in values.
Ex. “These people and I have different values and
experiences, and I think we can learn from one another.” STAGE 5: ADAPTATION
• The individual is very open to world views when accepting
new perspectives.
Ex. “To address our issue, I have to adjust my approach to
consider both my own and my counterpart’s background.” STAGE 6: INTEGRATION
• Individual start to go beyond their own cultures and see
themselves and their actions based on multifarious cultural viewpoints.
Ex. “I can look at things from the perspective of various
cultures.” 1. Recognize communication behaviors which differ from your own. 2. Take into account what can influence these types of behaviors 3. try to analyze how linguistic and cultural communities differ in terms of communication behavior and influencing factors. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS 1. Flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of uncertainty. 2. Reflectiveness or mindfulness 3. Open-mindedness 4. Sensitivity 5. Adaptability 6. Ability to engage in divergent thinking (or thinking creatively) and systems-level thinking (or thinking how each one in a system or organization influences each other) 1. Avoid stereotypes (Generalization about a certain group) 2. Challenge gender norms; avoid using “he” and “man” to refer to a general group of people. 3. Do not talk down on younger people and elderly. 4. Be sensitive to the religious practices of others. 5. Be polite at all times; do not belittle people you perceive to be on a lower social class than you. EIGHT BASIC BEHAVIORS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE DISPLAY RESPECT
• Respect simply means seeing the value of other
cultures regardless of their difference from your own culture. • Showing respect demonstrates awareness of different cultural rules and knowledge of acceptable norms or standards of behavior. ORIENTATION OF KNOWLEDGE
• The orientation of communicators’ knowledge is
not always the same. When this orientation varies, it may result in misunderstanding. EMPATHY
• You empathize when you put yourself in another
person’s shoes and try to feel how he/she feels.
• Empathy aids in building trust and establishing
connections with people from other cultures. INTERACTION MANAGEMENT
• Managing interaction refers to knowing how and
when to talk appropriately and effectively. TASK ROLE BEHAVIOR
• It is essential since it lessens any group conflict
that may possibly arise. RELATION ROLE BEHAVIOR
• Aims to take part in establishing and preserving a
personal relationship that promotes trust, harmony, and support among participants of intercultural communication. TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY
• TOLERANCE refers to openness to differences while
AMBIGUITY means confusion. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND INTERACTION POSTURE
• A part of culture’s feature is how different people
express their emotions. To ensure intercultural competence, you should recognize the unique social behavior that develops in any culture. BARRIERS TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ETHNOCENTRISM
• The tendency for people to believe that their own cultural
norms are the right way of doing things. They mistakenly assume that the specific patterns of behavior desired in their won cultures are universally valued. STEREOTYPES
• Mental pictures that one group forms from the main
characteristics of another group. • They usually involve generalized ideas of people in a certain group. INTERPRETATION OF TIME
• CHRONEMICS is defined as the study of how cultures perceive
time and its use. The difference in the perception of time may affect how people view each other; therefore, it also influences how they interact. PERSONAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS
• PROXEMICS is the study of cultural space
requirements. Space operates as a language just as time does. • In all cultures, the distance between people functions in communication as “persona space” or “personal territotry” BODY LANGUAGE
• Is not universal, but is learned from one’s culture.
TRANSLATION LIMITATIONS
• Words in one language do not always have equivalent
meanings in other languages, and the concepts the words describe are often different as well.
Development and Application of "Green," Environmentally Friendly Refractory Materials For The High-Temperature Technologies in Iron and Steel Production