*If each person receives

the same information

and uses the same
scientific approach to
solve problems, an
assumption could be
made that identical
decisions would result.
 THAT ISN’T TRUE.
BECAUSE:
1.Everyone has different
values and life experiences.
2.Each person perceives and
thinks differently.
 *GENDER
*VALUES
*LIFE EXPERIENCES
*INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 *GENDER
*VALUES
*LIFE EXPERIENCES
*GENDER
*INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 GENDE
R

*Gender may play a role

in how individuals make
decisions.

Ripley, 2005
 GENDE
R
WOMEN MEN
1.Tend to use 1.Tend to localize
more areas of their thinking to
the brain to more focused
accomplish region of the
tasks and sees brain regardless
more colors and of the type of
textures than problem solving

Ripley, 2005
men they are
engaged in or
emotion they
 GENDE
R
WOMEN MEN
3. The connection 2. Adult male brain
between the is 10% larger
amygdale and than the adult
the regions of the female brain.
brain that control
language and
higher-level
functioning

Ripley, 2005
appears to be
stronger in
women.
 *GENDER
*VALUES
*LIFE EXPERIENCES
*VALUES
*INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 VALUES

*Individual decisions
are based on each
person’s value system.
 VALUES

*Certain choices are not

possible because of a
person’s belief
 VALUES

No matter how objective the

criteria, value judgments will
always play a part in a person’s
decision making, either
consciously or subconsciously.
 *GENDER
*VALUES
*LIFE EXPERIENCES
*LIFE EXPERIENCE
*INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 LIFE
EXPERIENCE

*Each person brings to

the decision-making task
past experiences that
include education and
decision-making
experience.
 LIFE
EXPERIENCE

*It is likely that people

seeking autonomy may
have more experience at
making decisions than
those who fear
autonomy.
 LIFE
EXPERIENCE

Having made good or poor

decisions in the past will
influence a person’s
decision making.
 *GENDER
*VALUES
*LIFE EXPERIENCES
*INDIVIDUAL
*INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCE
PREFERENCE
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 INDIVIDUAL
PREFERENCE

*Analytical thinkers

*One who thinks

intuitively
 INDIVIDUAL
PREFERENCE

*With all the alternatives

a person considers in
decision making, one
alternative may be
preferred over another.
 INDIVIDUAL
PREFERENCE

PERSONAL RISKS
1. Physical risks
2. Economic risks
3. Emotional risks
4. Time and
expenditures
COSTS
 *GENDER
*VALUES
* LIFE EXPERIENCES
* BRAIN HEMISPHERE
*INDIVIDUALAND
DOMINANCE THINKING
PREFERENCE
* BRAIN STYLES
HEMISPHERE
DOMINANCE AND THINKING
STYLES
 BRAIN
HEMISPHERE...

LEFT-BRAIN RIGHT-
THINKERS BRAIN
THINKERS
Analytical and Creative and
linear intuitive
 BRAIN
HEMISPHERE...

4 different thinking styles

based on brain dominance

1. Upper-left-brain dominance
2. Lower-left-brain dominance
3. Upper-right-brain

Adams, 2003
dominance
4. Lower-right-brain
 BRAIN

PER-LEFT -BRA HEMISPHERE...

- Analytical thinkers who

like working with factual
data and numbers
- Deal with problems in a
logical and rational way

Adams, 2003
WER-LEFT -BRA
BRAIN
HEMISPHERE...

- Highly organized and

detail oriented
- Prefer a stable work
environment and value
safety and security over
risk taking

Adams, 2003
 BRAIN

PER-RIGHT-BRA HEMISPHERE...

- Big picture thinkers who look

for hidden possibilities and are
futuristic in their thinking
- Frequently rely on intuition to
solve problems and are willing
to take risks to seek new
solutions to problems

Adams, 2003
WER-RIGHT-BRA
BRAIN
HEMISPHERE...

- Experience facts and

problem solve in a more
emotional way than the
other 3 types
- Sympathetic, empathic
and intuitive

Adams, 2003
- Socially motivated
 BRAIN
HEMISPHERE...

There is no evidence that

any
one thinking style or that
having either right-or-left-
brain dominance is better.
*Managers and leaders
must become aware of
their own vulnerability
and recognize how it
influences and limits the
quality of their decisions
 VALUES
*Overcoming a lack of
self-awareness through
values clarification
decreases confusion.
 VALUES

To be successful problem
solvers,
managers must periodically
examine their values.
 LIFE
EXPERIENCE
*Use available resources to
gain a fuller understanding
of the issues involved
*Involve other people
*Analyze decision later to
assess their success
 LIFE
EXPERIENCE

By evaluating decisions,
people learn from
mistakes and are able to
overcome inexperience.
 INDIVIDUAL
PREFERENCE
*Overcoming this area
of vulnerability involves
self-awareness,
honesty, and risk
taking.
 INDIVIDUAL
PREFERENCE

The successful decision

maker must take some
risks.
 INDIVIDUAL WAYS
OF THINKING

*Use of heterogeneous
rather than
homogeneous will
usually result in better-
quality decision making.
 INDIVIDUAL WAYS
OF THINKING

QUALITIES OF A
SUCCESSFUL DECISION
MAKER
Courage
Sensitivity
Energy
Creativity
Those who can do the right
but unpopular thing and
who dare
to stand alone will emerge
as leaders