ABSTRACT

GUDELIA B. OBELIS | Naga National High School

AN ABSTRACT IS LIKE A MOVIE TRAILER.
IT OFFERS A PREVIEW, HIGHLIGHTS KEY
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DECIDE WHETHER TO VIEW THE ENTIRE
WORK. ABSTRACTS ARE THE PIVOT OF A
RESEARCH PAPER BECAUSE MANY
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MANUSCRIPTS ONLY BASED ON THE
ABSTRACT.
Clarinda Cerezo of Editage Insights
People will only consider reading the rest of the manuscript if
they find the abstract interesting.
• Written after finishing research and experimentation.
• Written in one (1) page
• Maximum of 250 words
• Includes key statements from the introduction, methods, results, discussion and
conclusion.
• Abstract must be carefully edited to make it cohesive and meet the word
count requirements.
 • Should summarize the current year’s work only, even if it is a
continuation from a previous year.
DO’S • Spell out any symbol or special characters which won’t be
translated electronically.
• Discussion of the specific aspects of the Research in great detail,
including experimental procedures and statistical methods.
• Inclusion of acknowledgement in the abstract
• Any references to mentors, institutional facilities and awards or
DON’TS

patents received
• Providing details about materials used unless they greatly
influenced the procedure or were needed to conduct the
investigation.
• Do not include unnecessary data nor tables, charts, graphs or
other images.
• No bibliography or references must be included.
CONTENT
An introductory statement
• A short background and the reason for
investigation the research topic.

Statement of the problem

• Include the specific questions the
research is trying to solve.

Overview of the methods

• Highlight the key points only including
the resources used.

Observations/Data/Results
• Provide key results only that lead directly
to the conclusions.

• 1-2 sentences only composed of conclusive

Conclusions ideas, important applications and implications of
the research
 SAMPLE ABSTRACT
Insecticidal Activity of Acacia (Samanea saman) Bark Extract Against Adult Rice
Black Bug (Scotinophora sp.)
Rice black bug (Scotinophora sp.) is a serious invasive pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Heavy infestation of this
bug could result to severe crop loss or complete yield loss. Commercially available pesticides pose harm
and threat to beneficial insects as well as to humans. The study aims to determine the insecticidal activity of
Acacia (Samanea saman) bark extract on the average mortality rate of rice black bug. The extraction was
done using the continuous extraction method using Soxhlet apparatus with sufficient amount of 95% ethanol
placed in solvent flasks (4.8 liters). Five treatments were prepared with different concentrations: T1= 164
mg/ml, T2= 328 mg/ml, T3= 492 mg/ml, T4= 39.36x10^3 mg crude extract, and T5=negative control.
Ten black bugs were placed in each set-up. The whole rice plants were sprayed with various treatments
and were observed every after 24 hours for 7 days. One-Way ANOVA showed that there is a significant
difference in the number of dead rice black bugs among treatments (F=83.083; p=.000). Scheffe test
showed that among the five treatments, T4= 39.36x10^3 mg crude extract has the highest number of
black bugs killed (M=9.67). Qualitative analysis showed that the rice black bugs were paralyzed and
rapid decomposition of pest was observed. The results proved that the extract from acacia bark is
effective against rice black bug. In 2014, Gonzales & Tolentino reported the Acacia bark as being rich in
alkaloids. It may be possible that the observed activity maybe attributed to the presence of alkaloid in the
acacia bark.
 2017 Plant Sciences Second Award Rubeliene Chezka Gloria,
Nadine Antonette Obafial, Myrelle Angela Colas,
SAMPLE ABSTRACT Davao City National High School, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Rice black bug (Scotinophora sp.) is a serious invasive

pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Heavy infestation of this bug
Short introduction
could result to severe crop loss or complete yield loss.
Commercially available pesticides pose harm and threat
to beneficial insects as well as to humans.
The study aims to determine the insecticidal activity of Acacia
Objective of
(Samanea saman) bark extract on the average mortality rate the study
of rice black bug.
The extraction was done using the continuous extraction method
using Soxhlet apparatus with sufficient amount of 95% ethanol

Overview of the methods

placed in solvent flasks (4.8 liters). Five treatments were prepared
with different concentrations: T1= 164 mg/ml, T2= 328 mg/ml,
T3= 492 mg/ml, T4= 39.36x10^3 mg crude extract, and
T5=negative control. Ten black bugs were placed in each set-up. The
whole rice plants were sprayed with various treatments and were
observed every after 24 hours for 7 days.
One-Way ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference in the number of dead rice black bugs among treatments (F=83.083;
p=.000). Scheffe test showed that among the five treatments, T4= 39.36x10^3 mg crude extract has the highest number of black bugs
killed (M=9.67). Qualitative analysis showed that the rice black bugs were paralyzed and rapid decomposition of pest was observed. The results proved
that the extract from acacia bark is effective against rice black bug. In 2014, Gonzales & Tolentino reported the Acacia bark as being rich in alkaloids. It
may be possible that the observed activity maybe attributed to the presence of alkaloid in the acacia bark.
One-Way ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference in
the number of dead rice black bugs among treatments (F=83.083;

Discussion of Results
p=.000). Scheffe test showed that among the five treatments,
T4= 39.36x10^3 mg crude extract has the highest number of black
bugs killed (M=9.67). Qualitative analysis showed that the rice
black bugs were paralyzed and rapid decomposition of pest was
observed.

Conclusion